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Somnolencia diurna en la enfermedad de Parkinson: un síntoma multifacético
Felice Di Laudo1, Luca Baldelli1,2, Greta Mainieri1,2
1Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Frontiers in sleep
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
La somnolencia diurna excesiva afecta a más de un tercio de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Reconocer y diagnosticar este síntoma primario es crucial para estrategias efectivas de manejo y tratamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Medicina del Sueño
Sus antecedentes:
- La somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) es un síntoma común en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), que afecta a más del 33% de los pacientes.
- La SDE en la EP se asocia con la duración de la enfermedad, la gravedad, la terapia dopaminérgica y los síntomas no motores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar la importancia de reconocer la SDE como un síntoma primario en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
- Enfatizar la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial para excluir otras causas de somnolencia.
Principales métodos:
- Las entrevistas clínicas estructuradas son clave para el diagnóstico tanto en entornos de hospitalización como ambulatorios.
- Los cuestionarios ayudan a caracterizar los síntomas.
- Las medidas objetivas proporcionan una evaluación precisa de la somnolencia diurna excesiva.
Principales resultados:
- La creciente evidencia sugiere somnolencia primaria debido a características fisiopatológicas compartidas en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
- El diagnóstico diferencial es esencial para descartar otras condiciones que inducen somnolencia, como efectos secundarios de medicamentos o trastornos de la respiración relacionados con el sueño.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico preciso de la SDE en la enfermedad de Parkinson requiere una combinación de entrevistas clínicas, cuestionarios y medidas objetivas.
- Aunque carece de una terapia estandarizada, los ensayos clínicos en curso exploran nuevas opciones terapéuticas para la SDE en pacientes con EP.
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