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Intensidad de pastoreo: estructura de la vegetación y características del suelo en pastizales de gran altitud de
Tulasa Chaudhary1, Uttam Babu Shrestha1, Uma Dhungel1
1Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies Kathmandu Nepal.
Ecology and evolution
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
El pastoreo moderado de ganado puede beneficiar a los pastizales del Himalaya al mejorar la diversidad y la productividad de las plantas. La gestión específica del sitio es crucial para equilibrar el pastoreo con la salud del ecosistema en estos entornos sensibles de gran altitud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología de pastizales
- Gestión sostenible de la tierra
- Estudios del ecosistema del Himalaya
Sus antecedentes:
- Los impactos ecológicos del pastoreo de ganado en los pastizales son críticos para la gestión sostenible.
- Existen datos experimentales limitados sobre los impactos del pastoreo en la región del Himalaya.
- La salud de los pastizales requiere equilibrar la producción ganadera con la preservación del ecosistema.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los efectos de las intensidades de pastoreo variables (no pastoreado, ligero, moderado, alto) en pastizales subalpinos en Nepal.
- Analizar los impactos en la diversidad de plantas, composición de comunidades, biomasa y propiedades del suelo.
- Proporcionar evidencia para la gestión sostenible de pastizales en áreas de gran altitud.
Principales métodos:
- Experimento de campo en tres pastizales subalpinos en el distrito de Jumla, Nepal.
- Se evaluaron cuatro intensidades de pastoreo: no pastoreado (NG), pastoreo ligero (LG), pastoreo moderado (MG) y pastoreo alto (HG).
- Se midieron la diversidad de especies vegetales, la composición de comunidades (NMDS), la altura de las plantas, la biomasa y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo.
Principales resultados:
- La riqueza de especies aumentó desde condiciones de pastoreo alto hasta no pastoreo.
- Las parcelas de pastoreo moderado (MG) mostraron alta diversidad y productividad.
- La altura y biomasa de las plantas disminuyeron con el aumento de la intensidad del pastoreo; la altitud tuvo un efecto negativo.
- El carbono y nitrógeno orgánicos del suelo fueron generalmente más altos en condiciones no pastoreadas y moderadamente pastoreadas, con variaciones específicas del sitio.
Conclusiones:
- Los resultados respaldan la hipótesis de perturbación intermedia, lo que indica beneficios ecológicos del pastoreo moderado.
- Los impactos del pastoreo son específicos del sitio, lo que requiere estrategias de gestión adaptativas y localizadas.
- Los hallazgos informan la gestión de pastizales basada en evidencia para Nepal y regiones de gran altitud similares.
Palabras clave:
composición de comunidadessalud del ecosistemahipótesis de perturbación intermediapastoralismoproductividad de pastizalespastizal subalpinoMás Videos Relacionados
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