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Evolución de la conversión electrocatalítica de nitrato a amoníaco en la ingeniería de catalizadores a base de Cu y

Nabilah Saafie^1,2, Noor Ashikin Mohamad^1,2, Wei Shan Koh^1,2

¹School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. weejun.ong@xmu.edu.my.

Materials horizons

|December 22, 2025

Resumen

La reducción electrocatalítica de nitratos a amoníaco ofrece síntesis sostenible y tratamiento de aguas residuales. Los diseños avanzados de catalizadores de cobre y cobalto superan la desactivación para mejorar la selectividad y la estabilidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Electroquímica
Catálisis
Ciencias Ambientales

Sus antecedentes:

La reducción electrocatalítica de nitratos a amoníaco (NH3) es una alternativa sostenible a Haber-Bosch para la síntesis de NH3 y la remediación de aguas residuales.
Los catalizadores de cobre (Cu) y cobalto (Co) son prometedores debido a su estructura electrónica y costo, pero sufren de desactivación por adsorción de intermedios (*NO).

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los avances recientes en el diseño de catalizadores a base de Cu y Co para la reducción electrocatalítica de nitratos.
Abordar los problemas de desactivación del catalizador y mejorar la selectividad y la estabilidad.

Principales métodos:

Ingeniería de facetas
Modulación del estado de oxidación
Dispersión de átomos individuales
Construcción de catalizadores bimetálicos
Configuraciones de catálisis en tándem y electrólisis emparejada

Principales resultados:

Las estrategias regulan eficazmente la fuerza de adsorción del intermedio y mejoran la cinética de hidrogenación.
La optimización de los centros de d-banda de Cu y Co mejora el rendimiento catalítico.
Los sistemas de electrólisis en tándem y emparejados aumentan la eficiencia energética y la viabilidad económica.

Conclusiones:

Los principios avanzados de diseño de catalizadores son cruciales para desarrollar electrocatalizadores de Cu y Co de próxima generación.
Estos catalizadores son clave para una gestión sostenible y escalable del nitrógeno y una síntesis eficiente de amoníaco.

Palabras clave:

electrocatalizadores reducción de nitratos síntesis de amoníaco tratamiento de aguas residuales catalizadores de cobre catalizadores de cobalto ingeniería de catalizadores electrólisis emparejada

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