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Comportamiento Térmico y Comparación de Eficiencia Energética del Calentamiento Eléctrico AC vs. DC en una Columna de
Gregorio Moreno-Sotelo1, Adriana Del Carmen Téllez-Anguiano2, Mario Heras-Cervantes1
1Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia Morelia.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
La termografía infrarroja (IRT) compara la corriente alterna (AC) y la corriente continua (DC) para calentar resistencias. La corriente continua reduce la pérdida de energía, mientras que la corriente alterna ofrece una mejor estabilidad térmica en los sistemas de calentamiento industrial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería Industrial
- Ciencia Térmica
- Ingeniería Eléctrica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de calentamiento industrial dependen de una conversión de energía eficiente.
- La cuantificación del rendimiento térmico sin contacto es crucial para la optimización.
- Las columnas de destilación requieren una gestión térmica precisa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar el comportamiento térmico y la eficiencia de la energía eléctrica de una resistencia de calentamiento bajo suministro de energía de CA y CC utilizando termografía infrarroja (IRT).
- Establecer un protocolo de IRT para cuantificar las respuestas térmicas y mapear la heterogeneidad de la temperatura en sistemas de calentamiento industrial.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó una planta piloto de destilación con una resistencia de calentamiento de 130 W alimentada por fuentes de CA (60 Hz) y CC equivalentes.
- Se empleó una cámara infrarroja calibrada de onda media para capturar la dinámica térmica.
- Se integraron mediciones de potencia eléctrica con un sistema de adquisición de datos para un análisis integral.
Principales resultados:
- La fuente de alimentación de corriente continua (CC) demostró pérdidas de Joule reducidas en comparación con la corriente alterna (CA).
- La corriente alterna (CA) exhibió una estabilidad térmica superior durante períodos operativos prolongados.
- La termografía infrarroja (IRT) permitió un mapeo efectivo de la heterogeneidad de la temperatura en 2D a través de termogramas corregidos por emisividad.
Conclusiones:
- El enfoque integrado de IRT proporciona información valiosa para optimizar la eficiencia energética en sistemas de destilación.
- La alimentación de CC es más eficiente para minimizar la pérdida de energía, mientras que la CA garantiza la estabilidad operativa.
- El protocolo de IRT desarrollado es escalable para monitorear procesos termoeléctricos en diversas aplicaciones industriales.
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