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Eliminación de Cr(VI) mediada por redox en columnas pasivas anaeróbicas utilizando lodos de Fe residuales que

Peiyu Liu¹, Naoko Okibe¹

¹Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-095, Japan.

|December 22, 2025

Resumen

Los lodos de Fe residuales remedian eficazmente la contaminación por Cr(VI). La adición de residuos orgánicos mejora la reducción microbiana, inmovilizando el cromo a largo plazo y cumpliendo los límites de vertido para un tratamiento de agua más seguro.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Ambientales
Geoquímica
Ecología Microbiana

Sus antecedentes:

El cromo hexavalente (Cr(VI)) presenta importantes riesgos para el medio ambiente y la salud.
Los métodos de remediación convencionales a menudo enfrentan desafíos con la estabilidad a largo plazo y la rentabilidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el rendimiento a largo plazo de un sistema de columna pasiva para la remediación de Cr(VI).
Evaluar la eficacia de los lodos de Fe residuales, aumentados con donantes de electrones orgánicos, para la desintoxicación y la inmovilización de Cr(VI).

Principales métodos:

Experimentos de columna de flujo continuo utilizando lodos de Fe y enmiendas orgánicas (compost, heces de sake).
Pruebas de adsorción por lotes y análisis de fase sólida resueltos en profundidad.
XANES del borde K de Cr y XANES del borde K de Fe, difracción de rayos X (XRD).
Procedimiento de lixiviación de características de toxicidad (TCLP) para evaluar la lixiviabilidad.

Principales resultados:

La columna de Fe/Compost mantuvo el Cr(VI) del efluente por debajo de 0,2 mg/L durante más de 200 días.
La reducción de Cr(VI) a Cr(III) aumentó con la profundidad, alcanzando hasta el 93% en la columna de Fe/Compost.
El Cr inmovilizado cumplió los límites de vertido de EE. UU. (≤ 5 mg/L) en las secciones de lodos tratados.
El rendimiento de los lodos de Fe estuvo limitado por el carbono sin enmiendas orgánicas, lo que pone de relieve la actividad microbiana.

Conclusiones:

Los lodos de Fe residuales combinados con orgánicos derivados de residuos proporcionan un tratamiento pasivo sostenible y eficaz para el agua contaminada con Cr(VI).
La inmovilización mediada por redox por bacterias autóctonas es un mecanismo clave para la desintoxicación de Cr a largo plazo.
Este enfoque ofrece una solución práctica para el tratamiento de efluentes industriales ácidos contaminados con cromo.

Palabras clave:

reducción de cromo(VI)bacterias reductoras de Fe(III)columna de tratamiento pasivo inmovilización reductiva lodos de Fe residuales materia orgánica derivada de residuos

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