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Prejuicio impulsado por la malicia: una transición de fase discontinua en el juego de la última oferta

Arunava Patra¹, C F Sagar Zephania¹, Sagar Chakraborty¹

¹Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Physics, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.

Physical review. E

|December 23, 2025

Resumen

La intensidad del prejuicio impulsa la discriminación social. En el juego de la última oferta, un alto prejuicio del jugador (prejuiciosidad) conduce a que el comportamiento malicioso emerja como una estrategia dominante, especialmente en poblaciones grandes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Economía Conductual
Teoría de Juegos Evolutiva
Psicología Social

Sus antecedentes:

El prejuicio social puede derivarse de sesgos individuales.
Las interacciones estratégicas pueden amplificar el prejuicio individual.
La discriminación puede manifestarse como injusticia o malicia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo el prejuicio individual influye en el prejuicio social en interacciones estratégicas.
Introducir y analizar la 'prejuiciosidad' dentro del marco del juego de la última oferta.
Explorar la aparición de comportamientos maliciosos impulsados por el prejuicio.

Principales métodos:

Modificación teórica del juego clásico de la última oferta.
Introducción de la intensidad del prejuicio a nivel de jugador ('prejuiciosidad').
Análisis utilizando dinámica evolutiva de juegos estocásticos (replicación-selección) y dinámica determinista del replicador.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una transición de fase de primer orden, lo que llevó a un comportamiento malicioso como dominante.
El comportamiento malicioso surgió de forma discontinua a un valor umbral de prejuiciosidad.
Esta aparición de malicia es robusta, particularmente en poblaciones grandes y dinámicas a largo plazo.

Conclusiones:

La intensidad del prejuicio individual impacta significativamente los resultados sociales, promoviendo la malicia.
El modelo del juego de la última oferta demuestra un vínculo claro entre la prejuiciosidad y la evolución de la malicia.
Los hallazgos resaltan el potencial del prejuicio para impulsar comportamientos sociales discriminatorios y dañinos.

Palabras clave:

prejuicio malicia juego de la última oferta transición de fase comportamiento estratégico discriminación social dinámica evolutiva

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