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Updated: May 11, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

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Published on: March 22, 2016

Función del Nervio Laríngeo Superior en un Modelo de Rata de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Un Estudio Piloto

Zaroug Jaleel¹, Mahdi Alghezi¹, Carson Miller¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.

The Laryngoscope

|December 23, 2025

Abstracto

Objective:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with reduced laryngeal sensation, decreased pharyngeal strength, and silent aspiration. Aspiration pneumonia is a leading cause of death in advanced AD. Superior laryngeal nerve(SLN) dysfunction is hypothesized to be responsible for poor laryngeal sensation and aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to compare SLN neurophysiology in an AD rat model to control animals.

Methods:

SLN-evoked studies were performed via stimulation of the main trunk in 4-month-old adult apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE4-KI) rats (n = 8) versus wild-type rats (n = 10). Recording electrodes were placed on the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN) and cricothyroid muscles. Stimulated swallow force measurements from hyoid elevation were compared between groups. Outcome measures included both sensory and motor evoked responses. Additionally, force and frequency of electrically and tactile stimulated swallow reflexes were analyzed.

Results:

Sensory nerve action potential duration was significantly longer in APOE-KI rats than controls with a mean difference (95% CI) of 2.24 ms (1.08-3.41). Both compound motor action potential latency and total duration were significantly longer in the APOE4-KI rats than controls with a mean difference (95% CI) of 0.22 (0.115-0.33) and 2.18 (0.90-3.4) respectively. Tactile-stimulated swallow frequency was significantly lower in the AD cohort vs. controls with a mean difference of -5.4 swallows/10 s (-7.6, -3.2).

Conclusions:

SLN evoked responses were significantly longer with a decrease in swallow frequency in an AD rat model compared to age-matched controls. This work suggests differences in SLN signaling between the cohorts. This work may provide a mechanistic understanding of SLN dysfunction and a tractable model to test new treatments for swallow dysfunction.

Level Of Evidence:

N/A.

Palabras clave:

enfermedad de Alzheimer ciencia básica—laringología regeneración nerviosa neurolaringología neurofisiología nervio laríngeo superior deglución/disfagia biología molecular/celular de las cuerdas vocales

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