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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Consorcio de Imagenología de Alzheimer

Javier Oltra1, Zuzana Wallin Ištvánfyová2,3, Grégoria Kalpouzos1

  • 1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los déficits olfativos en el deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCI) están relacionados con los niveles de amiloide y la estructura del lóbulo frontal. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los mecanismos tempranos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) implican disfunción olfativa.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivo subjetivodeterioro cognitivo leveenfermedad de Alzheimerbiomarcadoresneuroimagensistema olfativoamiloideneurodegeneracióndetección tempranademencia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Neurología; Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los déficits olfativos son indicadores tempranos de demencia, incluida la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).; Comprender la disfunción olfativa en etapas pre-demencia es crucial para la detección temprana.; Este estudio investiga la identificación olfativa (OID) en relación con biomarcadores de EA y volúmenes cerebrales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las asociaciones entre biomarcadores en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y volúmenes del sistema olfativo central con OID.; Analizar estas asociaciones en individuos con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCI), deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y EA.; Identificar posibles marcadores tempranos de demencia dentro del sistema olfativo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se reclutaron 154 participantes con SCI, 51 con MCI y 31 con EA.; Se evaluó la OID utilizando la prueba Sniffin' Sticks.; Se midieron biomarcadores en LCR (Aβ42, p-tau181, NfL) y volúmenes del sistema olfativo central (hipocampo, amígdala, corteza entorrinal, corteza orbitofrontal, ínsula, caudado).; Se analizaron los datos mediante correlaciones parciales y regresiones lineales múltiples.

Principales resultados:

  • Los participantes con SCI (M=14.1) tuvieron mejor OID que los grupos con MCI (M=12.7) y EA (M=12.8).; En SCI, la OID se correlacionó con los niveles de Aβ42 y el volumen orbitofrontal.; En MCI, la OID se correlacionó con los volúmenes hipocampal, parahipocampal y caudado.; En EA, la OID se correlacionó con el volumen hipocampal.; La regresión lineal mostró que Aβ42 y el volumen orbitofrontal predijeron la OID en SCI; NfL, y los volúmenes entorrinal e insular predijeron la OID en MCI.

Conclusiones:

  • Los déficits olfativos en SCI se asocian con niveles de amiloide y reducción del volumen orbitofrontal, lo que indica roles tempranos de la deposición de amiloide y la degeneración del lóbulo frontal.; En MCI y EA, los déficits olfativos pueden deberse a la degeneración en el lóbulo temporal medial y las estructuras subcorticales.; Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial de las pruebas olfativas y los biomarcadores/neuroimagen asociados para la detección temprana de demencia.