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Consorcio de Imagenología de Alzheimer

Cyrus A Raji1, Somayeh Meysami2,3, Soojin Lee4

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La diabetes tipo 2 y el exceso de grasa visceral se asocian con una reducción del volumen cerebral, especialmente en áreas vulnerables a la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Estos factores son objetivos clave para las estrategias de prevención en la mediana edad contra la neurodegeneración.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes tipo 2Grasa visceralEnfermedad de AlzheimerVolumen cerebralPrevenciónNeurodegeneraciónMediana edad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Endocrinología
  • Radiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La demencia, incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), se reconoce cada vez más como prevenible, y hasta el 45% de los casos están relacionados con factores de riesgo modificables.
  • Una mayor grasa visceral se asocia con atrofia en regiones cerebrales susceptibles a la patología temprana de la EA, como el hipocampo y el giro cingulado posterior.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el impacto combinado de la grasa visceral alta y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la pérdida de volumen cerebral, un indicador clave de neurodegeneración.
  • Explorar la relación entre la adiposidad visceral, la diabetes tipo 2 y la atrofia cerebral en regiones neuroanatómicas específicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio transversal que involucró a 4.213 adultos que utilizaron RM de cuerpo completo a 1,5T.
  • Los modelos de aprendizaje profundo cuantificaron el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) y los volúmenes cerebrales, incluido el hipocampo y el giro cingulado posterior.
  • El análisis comparó los volúmenes cerebrales en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 y TAV alta con los controles, ajustando por edad, sexo y volumen intracraneal total.

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos con diabetes tipo 2 y el cuartil más alto de grasa visceral (GV) exhibieron volúmenes significativamente menores de parénquima cerebral total.
  • Se observaron volúmenes reducidos de hipocampo y giro cingulado posterior en diabéticos tipo 2 con GV alta.
  • No se encontró diferencia significativa en el volumen del precúneo entre los grupos.

Conclusiones:

  • La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 combinada con grasa visceral alta se asocia con volúmenes cerebrales reducidos en áreas vulnerables a la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Estos hallazgos resaltan la diabetes tipo 2 y la obesidad visceral como objetivos críticos para la prevención secundaria de la EA, incluso en la mediana edad.
  • Los factores de riesgo modificables como la diabetes tipo 2 y la obesidad visceral ofrecen vías prometedoras para la mitigación del riesgo de EA a través de intervenciones de estilo de vida y farmacológicas.