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Salud Pública

Rufus O Akinyemi1, Oludotun V Olalusi2, Tobi Nifemi Olajide3,4

  • 1College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las intervenciones a nivel de población reducen eficazmente los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en países de ingresos bajos y medianos (PIMB). Estas estrategias pueden informar los ensayos de prevención de la demencia al dirigirse a factores de riesgo compartidos para obtener mejores resultados de salud pública.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaDemenciaPaíses de ingresos bajos y medianosPrevenciónEnfermedades no transmisiblesFactores de riesgoIntervenciones a nivel de población

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Pública; Epidemiología; Salud Global

Sus antecedentes:

  • La reducción del riesgo de demencia es una prioridad de salud global, sin embargo, las intervenciones a nivel de población están poco investigadas.
  • Las estrategias actuales se centran principalmente en intervenciones a nivel individual, dejando una brecha en la política de salud pública para la prevención generalizada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Realizar una revisión de alcance que identifique evidencia empírica sobre intervenciones a nivel de población para la demencia y sus factores de riesgo modificables en países de ingresos bajos y medianos (PIMB).

Principales métodos:

  • Se buscaron en PubMed y Google Scholar ensayos controlados aleatorizados, estudios cuasi experimentales y revisiones sistemáticas en PIMB.
  • Se incluyeron estudios centrados en la incidencia de demencia, el deterioro cognitivo y los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT).
  • Las intervenciones examinadas incluyeron iniciativas de salud pública como campañas de medios, legislación y programas comunitarios que promueven estilos de vida saludables.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificó 33 artículos sobre intervenciones para fumar, alcohol, obesidad, hipertensión, inactividad física, contaminación del aire y baja educación en PIMB.
  • Destacó esfuerzos de investigación específicos en curso en Nigeria, Guatemala, Sudáfrica, Burkina Faso, Perú y Honduras.
  • Crucialmente, ningún estudio midió la demencia o el deterioro cognitivo como resultado.

Conclusiones:

  • Las lecciones aprendidas pueden guiar el diseño de ensayos de prevención de demencia basados en la población y específicos del contexto en PIMB.
  • Los modelos de atención integrada dirigidos a factores de riesgo compartidos para la demencia, enfermedades cardiovasculares y otras ENT ofrecen una solución holística y escalable.
  • Las intervenciones basadas en la población muestran una promesa para reducir la prevalencia de ENT y los factores de riesgo vascular, aplicables a la prevención de la demencia.