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Salud Pública

Mohammad Zamani1, Maryam Noroozian2,3,4,

  • 1Cognitive Neurology, Dementia and Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of).

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio establece una base de datos de pacientes con demencia en Irán, identificando la enfermedad de Alzheimer como la subtipo más común. La base de datos tiene como objetivo mejorar la atención de la demencia e informar las estrategias de salud pública en Oriente Medio.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaDemenciaEnfermedad de AlzheimerIránBase de datosEstudios retrospectivosEnvejecimientoMedicinaNeurologíaCiencia de datos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología; Salud Pública; Ciencia de datos

Sus antecedentes:

  • El envejecimiento de las poblaciones mundiales y los desafíos socioeconómicos pueden aumentar las tasas de demencia, particularmente en Oriente Medio.
  • La región de Oriente Medio y África del Norte se enfrenta a aumentos inciertos pero potencialmente significativos de casos de demencia.
  • La falta de datos coherentes y de alta calidad dificulta la prevención, el diagnóstico y la investigación de la demencia en la región.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Establecer una base de datos clínica integral de demencia en la Institución Yaadmaan, un importante centro de referencia iraní.
  • Abordar el déficit de datos regionales sobre demencia, apoyando las estrategias de salud pública y la investigación.
  • Crear una base para mejorar el diagnóstico temprano, la intervención y la atención al paciente.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó un enfoque multifacético con una API vinculada a un servidor MongoDB para la recopilación de datos.
  • Se compilaron datos demográficos, históricos, de factores de riesgo, de medicación y de evaluación neuropsicológica de los registros de pacientes.
  • Se empleó un equipo multidisciplinario para la extracción y entrada de datos precisas, cumpliendo estrictas normas éticas y de confidencialidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron 854 personas con diagnósticos de demencia en la base de datos.
  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer fue el subtipo más frecuente (321 casos), seguida de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) (277 casos).
  • Se observó una mayor documentación de FTD-lenguaje en comparación con FTD-bv, lo que podría deberse a desafíos diagnósticos; se notaron derivaciones más bajas durante 2019-2021 debido a la COVID-19.

Conclusiones:

  • La base de datos desarrollada mejorará la formulación de políticas basada en la evidencia y la calidad de la atención a pacientes con demencia.
  • El aprovechamiento de la población de referencia en Yaadmaan fomentará la colaboración y orientará las estrategias nacionales/regionales sobre demencia.
  • El proyecto tiene como objetivo avanzar en la prevención, el diagnóstico y el manejo de la demencia en Irán y en el resto de Oriente Medio.