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Salud Pública

Lucy Y Eum1, Pilar Robinson Gonzalez1, Sanja Stanojevic1

  • 1Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El uso de antidepresivos se asocia con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), especialmente en mujeres. Esta asociación no se modificó por fragilidad o neuropatología, lo que resalta posibles factores de riesgo específicos del sexo.

Palabras clave:
antidepresivosenfermedad de Alzheimerriesgosexofragilidadneuropatología

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Gerontología
  • Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La depresión es un factor de riesgo modificable conocido para la demencia.
  • No se comprende bien el impacto a largo plazo del uso de antidepresivos en el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • Investigar los vínculos potenciales entre los antidepresivos y la EA es crucial para las estrategias de prevención de la demencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar la asociación entre la exposición a antidepresivos y el diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • Determinar si el sexo binario, la fragilidad o la neuropatología modifican la relación entre el uso de antidepresivos y la EA.
  • Proporcionar información sobre los factores de riesgo modificables para la demencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis retrospectivo de datos secundarios de un estudio de cohortes multisede.
  • Inclusión de 930 participantes de 55 años o más con cognición normal.
  • Evaluación de la fragilidad utilizando un índice de fragilidad (FI) de 30 ítems y fenotipo de fragilidad, y neuropatología utilizando un índice de neuropatología (NPI) de 10 ítems basado en hallazgos de autopsia. Se empleó regresión logística para el análisis estadístico.

Principales resultados:

  • La exposición a antidepresivos se asoció significativamente con un aumento de las probabilidades de EA (OR 2.51).
  • Esta asociación se mantuvo significativa después de ajustar por edad, sexo, fragilidad e índice de neuropatología (OR 3.11).
  • La estratificación por sexo reveló una asociación significativa en mujeres (OR 3.93) pero no en hombres (OR 1.86) después de los ajustes. La asociación no se modificó significativamente por sexo, fragilidad o índice de neuropatología.

Conclusiones:

  • El uso de antidepresivos se asocia significativamente con un aumento de las probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • La asociación entre el uso de antidepresivos y la EA es más pronunciada en mujeres que en hombres.
  • El estudio no encontró modificaciones significativas de la asociación antidepresivos-EA por sexo, fragilidad o índice de neuropatología.