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Salud Pública
Yue Dong1, Sasmitha L Rajesh1, Paul W Scott1
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
Resumen
Los costos mundiales de atención a la demencia están cambiando drásticamente, y algunos países como Siria y Japón experimentan un crecimiento del gasto que supera sus economías. Esto resalta la necesidad de una planificación cuidadosa de las políticas de atención médica en medio de una población de ancianos en crecimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología y Salud Pública
- Economía de la Salud
- Política de Salud Global
Sus antecedentes:
- La población mundial mayor de 65 años superará los mil millones para 2030.
- Se proyecta que el gasto en demencia alcance los 1,6 billones de dólares para 2050, lo que hace necesario el seguimiento de los cambios relativos con respecto al PIB para la planificación de políticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias mundiales en el gasto y los costos de atención de la demencia de 2000 a 2019.
- Evaluar la relación entre los cambios en el gasto en demencia y el crecimiento económico nacional (PIB).
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del IHME, el Banco Mundial y la OMS para el gasto en demencia, el PIB y el gasto en salud.
- Se calcularon los cambios relativos en las tasas de atención, los costos unitarios y el gasto atribuible en 195 países.
- Se determinó la elasticidad del gasto y la relación de cambio relativo del gasto en demencia (DERCR) para varias naciones.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron variaciones significativas a nivel mundial en las tasas y costos de atención de la demencia durante dos décadas.
- Siria y Japón mostraron un crecimiento del gasto en demencia que superó su expansión económica general.
- Los cambios notables específicos de cada país incluyeron el mayor aumento de la atención comunitaria para la demencia en Myanmar y la mayor elasticidad del costo unitario de la atención en residencias de ancianos en Japón.
Conclusiones:
- Se produjeron cambios relativos significativos en la utilización y el gasto de la atención a la demencia a nivel mundial entre 2000 y 2019.
- El gasto en atención a la demencia está creciendo de manera desproporcionadamente más rápida que el crecimiento económico en países específicos, en particular Siria y Japón.
- Se necesita más investigación para identificar patrones específicos de cada país en el crecimiento de los costos de atención a la demencia.
Palabras clave:
demenciacostosgastosalud públicaeconomíatendenciasPIBpolítica de saludenvejecimientoatención médicaMás Videos Relacionados
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