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Zachary Sheff1, Nalin Payakachat1, E Jolanda Muenzel1
1Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
Resumen
Millones de adultos mayores tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) preclínica, identificada por evidencia de biomarcadores. Los biomarcadores en sangre como el p-tau217 en plasma pueden identificar a aquellos con mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, ayudando en futuras estrategias de tratamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología y Gerontología; Descubrimiento de Biomarcadores; Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) preclínica se caracteriza por evidencia de biomarcadores de patología de EA en individuos cognitivamente sanos.; Los métodos de diagnóstico actuales (escáneres PET, recolección de LCR) son invasivos y no son estándar para poblaciones cognitivamente sanas.; Los biomarcadores en sangre (BBM) ofrecen una alternativa mínimamente invasiva, escalable y rentable para la detección de EA.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar el número de personas de 50 años o más con EA preclínica con mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en EE. UU., Japón, Alemania y China.; Evaluar la utilidad potencial de los niveles de p-tau217 en plasma para identificar poblaciones de EA preclínica de alto riesgo.; Informar la planificación de la infraestructura de atención médica y el presupuesto para futuras intervenciones contra la EA.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos censales específicos de cada país y estimaciones de prevalencia basadas en la literatura para demencia, MCI y positividad de PET amiloide.; Se aplicaron hallazgos recientes que vinculan los niveles de p-tau217 en plasma del tercil superior con la tasa más alta de progresión clínica en individuos amiloides positivos y cognitivamente sanos.; Se estimó la población de EA preclínica de alto riesgo considerando un tercio de la población de EA preclínica positiva para PET amiloide.
Principales resultados:
- Se estimaron las poblaciones de EA preclínica (mayores de 50 años) basándose en la positividad de PET amiloide: EE. UU. (22,0 millones, 18,3%), Japón (11,2 millones, 19,0%), Alemania (7,0 millones, 18,5%) y China (90,7 millones, 17,0%).; Se estimaron las poblaciones de EA preclínica de alto riesgo (tercil superior de p-tau217): EE. UU. (7,3 millones, 6,1%), Japón (3,7 millones, 6,3%), Alemania (2,3 millones, 6,2%) y China (30,2 millones, 5,7%).
Conclusiones:
- El número significativo de individuos con EA preclínica resalta la necesidad de métodos de detección eficientes.; Los biomarcadores en sangre como el p-tau217 en plasma pueden ayudar a identificar individuos de alto riesgo, reduciendo potencialmente las cargas de atención médica.; La investigación adicional sobre la prevalencia de p-tau217 en plasma en la EA preclínica es crucial para las evaluaciones de impacto económico y la planificación del tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
enfermedad de Alzheimerbiomarcadores en sangrep-tau217poblaciones de alto riesgodeterioro cognitivosalud públicaenvejecimientodiagnóstico tempranoensayos clínicostratamientosMás Videos Relacionados
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