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Salud Pública
Raphael Machado Castilhos1, Natan Feter2, Ana Luísa Patrão3
1Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
Resumen
La menopausia temprana y una mayor duración de la menstruación se asocian con un deterioro cognitivo más rápido. Este estudio en ELSA-Brasil destaca posibles factores de riesgo de demencia en mujeres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Endocrinología Reproductiva
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe evidencia contradictoria sobre la menopausia temprana (ME) y el tiempo total de menstruación (menarca) como factores de riesgo de demencia.
- El Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) tiene como objetivo aclarar estas asociaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la menopausia temprana (menopausia ≤ 45 años) como factor de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo.
- Evaluar la asociación entre el tiempo total de menstruación (menarca) y el deterioro cognitivo.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron datos de 15.105 participantes de ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010), centrándose en 8.218 mujeres.
- La función cognitiva se evaluó aproximadamente 8 años después.
- Se utilizaron modelos lineales mixtos ajustados por edad y factores de riesgo de demencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se reportó menopausia temprana en el 31,3% de las mujeres que habían dejado de menstruar.
- Las mujeres con menopausia temprana tuvieron una duración de menarca más corta.
- La menopausia temprana y la menarca más larga se asociaron de forma independiente con un deterioro cognitivo más rápido durante 8 años.
Conclusiones:
- La menopausia temprana y la menarca más larga se asocian con un deterioro cognitivo acelerado.
- Estos factores reproductivos pueden representar objetivos importantes para la evaluación del riesgo de demencia.
Palabras clave:
menopausia tempranadeterioro cognitivoELSA-Brasildemenciafactores de riesgosalud públicasalud de la mujerMás Videos Relacionados
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