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Salud Pública
April Mallon1,2, Mei Ling Lim2, Shannon Jarrott3
1University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio explora las Intervenciones Psicológicas Positivas (IPP) dentro de un programa intergeneracional para prevenir la demencia. Los hallazgos preliminares sugieren que las IPP pueden mejorar la salud cognitiva y reducir los perfiles de riesgo de demencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología; Neurociencia; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los factores de Salud Mental Positiva (SMP) como el propósito en la vida y la satisfacción vital se asocian con una menor disminución cognitiva y riesgo de demencia.
- Las Intervenciones Psicológicas Positivas (IPP) mejoran la SMP y promueven comportamientos saludables para el cerebro, lo que podría ayudar en la prevención de la demencia.
- El papel de las IPP en la mejora de los resultados cognitivos dentro de las estrategias multidominio de prevención de la demencia requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la viabilidad de integrar las IPP en un programa intergeneracional multidominio.
- Estimar la eficacia de este programa combinado en la mejora de los perfiles de riesgo de demencia en adultos mayores en comparación con un grupo de control.
- Explorar el impacto de las IPP en la función cognitiva y el riesgo de demencia.
Principales métodos:
- Un subestudio del Ensayo INTEGRITY, GenWell-BRAVE involucra a 40 adultos mayores (65+) y 40 preescolares (3-6) durante 20 semanas.
- Cuatro preescolares fueron aleatorizados por conglomerados; el brazo de intervención recibió un programa multidominio con IPP, mientras que el brazo de control recibió un programa comparable sin IPP.
- La recopilación de datos incluyó cuestionarios pre-post (cognición, SMP, riesgo de demencia, regulación emocional), entrevistas cualitativas y observaciones conductuales.
Principales resultados:
- Resultado primario: cambio en las puntuaciones cognitivas (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery) entre los brazos.
- Resultados secundarios: cambios en la Salud Mental Positiva (MHC-SF), la puntuación de riesgo de demencia (LIBRA-2) y la regulación emocional (DERS-SF).
- Viabilidad evaluada mediante adherencia, retención, fidelidad y aceptabilidad (TFA-Q).
Conclusiones:
- Se anticipa que GenWell-BRAVE demostrará una viabilidad adecuada.
- El estudio espera proporcionar evidencia preliminar del valor de las IPP en intervenciones multidominio.
- Un programa que combine IPP puede ofrecer una efectividad superior en el mantenimiento de la función cognitiva y la reducción del riesgo de demencia.
Palabras clave:
Intervenciones Psicológicas PositivasPrevención de la demenciaProgramas intergeneracionalesSalud cognitivaSalud públicaMás Videos Relacionados
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