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Kensaku Kasuga1, Soichiro Shimizu2, Noriyuki Kimura3
1Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
Resumen
El viaje diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en Japón dura aproximadamente 2,2 años. El retraso más largo ocurre antes de la primera visita médica, lo que resalta la necesidad de una mayor concienciación y consulta rápida para un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de la EA.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Geriatría
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es crucial para un tratamiento eficaz.
- El viaje diagnóstico de los pacientes con EA en Japón sigue siendo poco conocido.
- Este estudio investiga el cronograma y los cuellos de botella en el diagnóstico de la EA en Japón.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico en pacientes japoneses con EA.
- Identificar el principal cuello de botella en la vía de diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Analizar los retrasos diagnósticos tanto en la EA de inicio temprano (EOAD) como en la de inicio tardío (LOAD).
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 138 pacientes diagnosticados con probable demencia por EA o MCI debido a EA en Japón (2011-2023).
- Sujetos de 18 a 79 años, clasificados en EOAD (<65 años) y LOAD (≥65 años), emparejados 1:1.
- Datos extraídos de historias clínicas electrónicas, centrándose en los intervalos de tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico.
Principales resultados:
- El tiempo promedio desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico de EA fue de 121,8 ± 88,9 semanas (aproximadamente 2,2 años).
- El retraso más largo se observó entre el inicio de los síntomas y la primera visita médica (77,0 ± 74,4 semanas).
- Los retrasos posteriores incluyeron: primera visita a derivación especializada (34,9 ± 49,2 semanas) y derivación especializada a diagnóstico (10,5 ± 18,8 semanas).
Conclusiones:
- La duración total del diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Japón es de aproximadamente 2,2 años.
- Minimizar el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el contacto médico inicial es clave para acortar el período de diagnóstico general.
- Aumentar la concienciación pública y del paciente sobre los síntomas de la EA y la importancia de la consulta temprana es vital para un tratamiento oportuno.
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