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Salud Pública

Thomas Tannou1, Sonia Bélanger2, Paolo Vitali3

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|December 23, 2025
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La anosognosia, o la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, afecta a muchas personas con trastornos neurocognitivos, lo que lleva al rechazo de la atención. Se necesitan nuevos enfoques para mejorar la evaluación y la atención de los pacientes con Alzheimer.

Palabras clave:
AnosognosiaEnfermedad de AlzheimerTrastornos neurocognitivosSalud públicaAtención centrada en la persona

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • La anosognosia, la falta de conciencia de la propia condición, afecta al 20-40% de las personas con trastornos neurocognitivos importantes (TCMN), incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Esta falta de conciencia se debe a déficits de memoria y disfunción cerebral prefrontal, lo que hace que las personas sobreestimen sus habilidades y se resistan a la atención.
  • La resistencia a la atención conduce al fracaso del plan de atención, la carga del cuidador y crisis como la hospitalización o la institucionalización.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Destacar el papel crítico de las evaluaciones multidimensionales en la identificación de déficits relacionados con la anosognosia en los TCMN.
  • Enfatizar la necesidad de herramientas de evaluación estandarizadas sensibles al impacto de la anosognosia en la conciencia del riesgo y la toma de decisiones.
  • Proponer estrategias de atención innovadoras y centradas en la persona que integren tecnología y colaboración intersectorial para mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Principales métodos:

  • Evaluaciones multidimensionales que incluyen pruebas neuropsicológicas, informes de cuidadores, neuroimagen (RM, PET) y biomarcadores.
  • Análisis de patrones de discurso en personas con TCMN para identificar la sobreestimación de habilidades.
  • Revisión de marcos y políticas de atención existentes, como el Plan Alzheimer de Quebec.

Principales resultados:

  • La anosognosia altera la conciencia del riesgo y la toma de decisiones debido a la disfunción cerebral prefrontal y límbica.
  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer se caracteriza por una adaptabilidad alterada, no solo por pérdida de memoria.
  • El análisis del discurso revela una sobreestimación de las habilidades, lo que genera riesgos de seguridad y rechazo de la atención.

Conclusiones:

  • Se necesitan urgentemente herramientas de evaluación estandarizadas para abordar la anosognosia en los TCMN.
  • Las estrategias de atención deben priorizar la adaptabilidad y aprovechar la tecnología para la gestión dinámica de riesgos.
  • La colaboración intersectorial es crucial para tender puentes entre la investigación y la implementación de la atención en el mundo real, mejorando la evaluación y la atención de los pacientes con Alzheimer.