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Salud Pública

Marissa A Gogniat1,2, Lindsey Jorda1, Joseph Storey2

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El comportamiento sedentario impacta la función cognitiva en adultos mayores, especialmente al interactuar con biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Menos tiempo sedentario se asocia con mejor cognición en personas con altos niveles de biomarcadores, mientras que más tiempo sedentario beneficia a aquellos con niveles bajos.

Palabras clave:
comportamiento sedentarioAlzheimercogniciónadultos mayoresbiomarcadores

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología; Neurociencia; Ciencias Cognitivas

Sus antecedentes:

  • El comportamiento sedentario es común en adultos mayores y se asocia con resultados adversos para la salud, incluido el riesgo de demencia.
  • La relación entre el comportamiento sedentario y la función cognitiva en adultos mayores no se comprende completamente, con hallazgos mixtos y mecanismos neurobiológicos poco claros.
  • Este estudio investiga la interacción entre el comportamiento sedentario y los biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en la predicción de la función cognitiva en adultos mayores no dementes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar cómo el comportamiento sedentario interactúa con los biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) (amiloide-beta y tau) para influir en el rendimiento cognitivo en adultos mayores.
  • Explorar los mecanismos neurobiológicos que subyacen a la asociación entre el comportamiento sedentario y la cognición en el envejecimiento.
  • Determinar si los niveles de biomarcadores de la EA modifican la relación entre el comportamiento sedentario y los resultados cognitivos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se analizó un subconjunto de 41 adultos mayores del University of Pittsburgh ADRC Clinical Core con datos de acelerometría e imágenes PET.
  • El comportamiento sedentario se midió utilizando Fitbit Inspire 3, la función cognitiva mediante pruebas neuropsicológicas y los biomarcadores de la EA (amiloide-beta, tau) mediante imágenes PET.
  • Se emplearon modelos de moderación para evaluar la interacción entre el comportamiento sedentario y los biomarcadores de la EA en los resultados cognitivos, ajustando por factores demográficos.

Principales resultados:

  • El comportamiento sedentario interactuó significativamente con la carga global de amiloide, afectando la fluidez de letras, un compuesto del lenguaje y la atención compleja.
  • El comportamiento sedentario también interactuó con la carga de tau metatemporal, afectando la denominación por confrontación.
  • Específicamente, un mayor tiempo sedentario se correlacionó con una mejor cognición en individuos con baja carga de amiloide y tau, mientras que un menor tiempo sedentario se asoció con una mejor cognición en aquellos con alta carga de biomarcadores.

Conclusiones:

  • El comportamiento sedentario y los biomarcadores de la EA interactúan para influir en el rendimiento cognitivo en adultos mayores.
  • El nivel de carga de biomarcadores de la EA es crucial para comprender la direccionalidad del efecto del comportamiento sedentario en la cognición.
  • Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de modificar el comportamiento sedentario, particularmente para los adultos mayores con riesgo elevado de biomarcadores de la EA.