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Salud Pública

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Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un estilo de vida poco saludable aumenta significativamente el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores de 40 años. Este riesgo es particularmente pronunciado en hombres, personas de mediana edad, aquellos con menor educación y personas con antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular.

Palabras clave:
estilo de vida poco saludabledeterioro cognitivosalud públicafactores de riesgopoblación adulta

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontology; Epidemiology; Public Health

Sus antecedentes:

  • Unhealthy lifestyles are linked to cognitive impairment, but the impact of combined lifestyle factors remains unclear.
  • Cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations worldwide.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for developing preventive strategies.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • To investigate the association between lifestyle factors and cognitive decline in cognitively normal adults aged 40 and older.
  • To quantify the risk of cognitive decline associated with an unhealthy lifestyle.
  • To identify specific demographic and clinical subgroups at higher risk.

Principales métodos:

  • Population-based cohort study with cluster random sampling in Xi'an.
  • Follow-up of cognitively normal subjects for 4 years.
  • Calculation of a comprehensive lifestyle score (smoking, drinking, exercise, diet).
  • Assessment of global cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  • Definition of significant cognitive decline as a drop of ≥ 4 points in MMSE score.
  • Application of multivariable logistic regression, propensity score correction, and propensity score matching.

Principales resultados:

  • 1348 participants were enrolled; 56 (4.2%) experienced significant cognitive decline.
  • 304 participants (22.6%) had an unhealthy lifestyle (comprehensive score <6).
  • Unhealthy lifestyle was significantly associated with cognitive decline (OR=2.780, p=0.006), confirmed by propensity score analysis (OR=3.994, p=0.006).
  • Increased risk was observed in males (OR=5.541), those ≤60 years (OR=2.630), with ≤6 years of education (OR=2.691), and a history of stroke (OR=2.673).

Conclusiones:

  • An unhealthy lifestyle is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline in adults aged 40 and older.
  • The association is particularly strong in males, middle-aged individuals, those with lower educational attainment, and individuals with a history of stroke.
  • These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles for cognitive health maintenance in aging populations.