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Salud Pública

Sirena Gutierrez1, Iris Strangmann2, Zachary J Kunicki3

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los adultos mayores indígenas en México que hablan un idioma indígena muestran una peor función cognitiva. Un menor nivel educativo, de alfabetización y de aritmética contribuyen a estas disparidades en el envejecimiento cerebral.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaEnvejecimiento CognitivoPoblaciones IndígenasDisparidades en SaludMéxico

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia Cognitiva
  • Salud Pública
  • Sociolingüística

Sus antecedentes:

  • El bilingüismo generalmente mejora la función cognitiva, pero los adultos mayores bilingües Indígena-Español en México exhiben un rendimiento cognitivo más pobre que los monolingües.
  • Las poblaciones indígenas en México enfrentan inequidades sistémicas en educación, atención médica y discriminación, lo que podría afectar el envejecimiento cognitivo.
  • La influencia de la educación, la alfabetización y la aritmética en las disparidades cognitivas entre los adultos indígenas en México sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre hablar un idioma indígena y la función cognitiva en adultos mayores mexicanos.
  • Examinar los roles mediadores de la educación, la alfabetización y la aritmética en esta relación.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 1958 adultos de 55 años o más del Estudio Mexicano de Salud y Envejecimiento, Estudio Auxiliar sobre Envejecimiento Cognitivo (Mex-Cog).
  • Indigeneidad definida por el uso autoinformado de idiomas indígenas.
  • Se utilizaron análisis de regresión lineal y de mediación para evaluar las puntuaciones de los factores de función cognitiva y los efectos mediadores.

Principales resultados:

  • El 11% de los participantes hablaba un idioma indígena, reportando un menor nivel educativo y mayores tasas de residencia rural.
  • Hablar un idioma indígena se asoció con puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en memoria, lenguaje, función ejecutiva y orientación.
  • La aritmética, la alfabetización y el nivel educativo mediaron el 2%-61% del efecto total del uso de idiomas indígenas en la función cognitiva.

Conclusiones:

  • El nivel educativo, la aritmética y la alfabetización son factores cruciales que contribuyen a las inequidades cognitivas en las poblaciones indígenas envejecidas en México.
  • Las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar la aritmética y la alfabetización, junto con la educación, pueden ayudar a reducir las disparidades cognitivas.
  • Se necesita más investigación para explorar otros factores potenciales como la salud en la mediana edad y el racismo que afectan los resultados cognitivos.