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Salud Pública

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Resumen

Los informes de los informantes sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo difieren entre EE. UU. y México. Las medidas armonizadas muestran que los informantes mexicanos informan de un menor deterioro cognitivo, lo que sugiere una posible subnotificación de los síntomas de deterioro cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaEstudios TransculturalesFuncionamiento CognitivoDemenciaInformes de InformantesArmonización de DatosDiferencias CulturalesNeuropsicologíaEnvejecimientoEpidemiología

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Neurociencia Cognitiva
  • Psicología Transcultural

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los estudios poblacionales sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo a menudo utilizan cuestionarios de encuestas para estimar la prevalencia de demencia.
  • Se utilizan cuestionarios de informantes junto con evaluaciones cognitivas directas en estudios internacionales como el Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP).
  • Falta la armonización estadística de las evaluaciones de los informantes para el funcionamiento cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las diferencias transculturales en las respuestas de los informantes sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo.
  • Armonizar estadísticamente las evaluaciones de los informantes sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo entre EE. UU. y México.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) en EE. UU. (n=3183) y del Mexican Cognitive Aging Study (MexCOG) (n=1259).
  • Se examinaron los informes de los informantes sobre el Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID).
  • Se empleó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para probar la detección de funcionamiento diferencial de ítems (DIF) y desarrollar un modelo de análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA).

Principales resultados:

  • Una medida armonizada del CSID demostró cargas factoriales fijas pero umbrales de ítems variables entre EE. UU. y México.
  • Los informes de los informantes, cuando se armonizaron, indicaron un menor deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores en México en comparación con EE. UU., después de controlar la cognición evaluada directamente.

Conclusiones:

  • Los hallazgos sugieren una posible subestimación del funcionamiento cognitivo por parte de las evaluaciones directas en México o una subnotificación sistemática de los síntomas de deterioro cognitivo por parte de los informantes mexicanos.
  • Destaca la necesidad de enfoques culturalmente sensibles para armonizar los datos de evaluación cognitiva.