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Salud Pública

Bruna Fogaça1, Greta Fehlan1, Joya Deb Lucky1

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Comenzar a trabajar más tarde en la vida se asocia con una mejor función cognitiva en brasileños mayores. Este estudio sugiere que retrasar el empleo temprano puede beneficiar la salud cerebral a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaBrasilEstudios LongitudinalesEmpleoFunción CognitivaEnvejecimientoNeurociencia CognitivaGerontologíaDeterminantes Socioeconómicos de la Salud

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia cognitiva; Gerontología; Determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • La dificultad económica en Brasil a menudo conduce a la entrada temprana en la fuerza laboral antes de los 16 años; se conoce el impacto del empleo temprano en la educación formal, pero su efecto en la cognición en la edad adulta es menos claro; el empleo temprano puede ofrecer estimulación cognitiva, lo que podría beneficiar la función cognitiva en la edad adulta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre la edad del primer empleo y la función cognitiva en la edad adulta; analizar el rendimiento cognitivo en la orientación temporal, la memoria y la fluidez verbal según el inicio temprano del trabajo; comprender la relación entre la participación temprana en la fuerza laboral y el envejecimiento cognitivo en una cohorte nacional brasileña.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Estudio Longitudinal Brasileño de Envejecimiento (ELSI-Br); se evaluó la orientación temporal, la memoria y la fluidez verbal, estandarizando las puntuaciones de memoria y fluidez por edad y sexo; se emplearon modelos de regresión lineal, categorizando la edad de inicio del trabajo (≤10, 11-15, ≥16 años) y ajustando por factores demográficos y socioeconómicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Una parte significativa de los participantes (41,74%) comenzó a trabajar a los 10 años o antes; los individuos que comenzaron a trabajar entre los 11 y 15 años y a partir de los 16 años mostraron puntuaciones más altas de orientación y memoria en comparación con los que comenzaron a los 10 años o menos; la fluidez verbal mostró una tendencia a mejorar en los que comenzaron a trabajar después de los 16 años.

Conclusiones:

  • La entrada temprana en la fuerza laboral se asocia con la función cognitiva en la edad adulta; los hallazgos sugieren que retrasar el empleo puede ser beneficioso para la salud cognitiva en los brasileños mayores; los resultados pueden informar políticas destinadas a promover la educación y retrasar el empleo entre las poblaciones vulnerables.