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Salud Pública

Jingyi Wu1, Jinyu Chen1, Juncen Wu1

  • 1The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

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|December 23, 2025
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los adultos mayores con fragilidad cognitiva exhiben una mayor variabilidad en el rendimiento cognitivo y una movilidad reducida. Los patrones específicos de conectividad de la red cerebral influyen en cómo esta variabilidad afecta la movilidad, ofreciendo información sobre el declive cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
conectividad cerebralvariabilidad cognitivamovilidadfragilidad cognitivaadultos mayoresdeclive cognitivoredes neuronales

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Gerontología; Psicología Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fragilidad cognitiva, caracterizada por deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y fragilidad física, aumenta el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo.
  • La variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) es una métrica cognitiva clave, y una mayor IIV indica posibles signos tempranos de deterioro cognitivo y de la movilidad en adultos mayores.
  • Los mecanismos neuronales que vinculan la fragilidad cognitiva, la IIV y los déficits de movilidad siguen sin explorarse en profundidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre la conectividad funcional cerebral, la variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) y la movilidad en adultos mayores con fragilidad cognitiva.
  • Explorar el papel de las redes neuronales en la moderación de la relación entre la IIV y el rendimiento de la movilidad en individuos cognitivamente frágiles.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio transversal que compara 17 adultos mayores cognitivamente frágiles (CF) y 20 no cognitivamente frágiles (no CF).
  • La fragilidad cognitiva se definió mediante puntuaciones específicas en la Montreal Cognitive Assessment y la Short Physical Performance Battery.
  • Las evaluaciones incluyeron pruebas de función ejecutiva (Stroop, Trail Making), pruebas de movilidad (Timed-Up and Go - TUG) y resonancia magnética funcional en reposo para analizar la conectividad de la red cerebral y la dispersión IIV.

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos cognitivamente frágiles mostraron una dispersión IIV significativamente mayor y un peor rendimiento en el TUG en comparación con los no CF.
  • Los participantes CF exhibieron una conectividad reducida entre redes y dentro de redes en la Red Neuronal por Defecto (DMN), la Red Fronto-Parietal (FEN) y la Red de Salience (SMN).
  • La conectividad entre redes entre la DMN y la FEN, que involucra específicamente el giro temporal medio bilateral y el giro frontal inferior bilateral, moderó la asociación entre la dispersión IIV y el rendimiento del TUG en individuos CF.

Conclusiones:

  • Los patrones de conectividad alterados dentro y entre redes neuronales funcionales a gran escala diferencian a los adultos mayores cognitivamente frágiles de los no cognitivamente frágiles.
  • Estas diferencias en la conectividad neuronal probablemente explican cómo el aumento de la dispersión IIV afecta negativamente el rendimiento de la movilidad en personas mayores cognitivamente frágiles.