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Salud Pública

Laura B Zahodne1, Emily P Morris1, Robrielle M Pierce1

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La desventaja del vecindario impacta negativamente la salud cognitiva en adultos mayores, con el estrés psicológico desempeñando un papel clave. Este efecto es más pronunciado en adultos negros, lo que resalta las disparidades en el envejecimiento cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
envejecimiento cognitivofactores socioeconómicos del vecindarioestrés psicológicodisparidades racialesadultos mayores

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Salud Pública
  • Neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los factores socioeconómicos del vecindario influyen significativamente en la salud cognitiva de las poblaciones que envejecen.
  • La investigación existente indica disparidades en los resultados de salud cognitiva entre grupos raciales.
  • Las vías psicológicas que vinculan los recursos del vecindario con la cognición requieren una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar los mecanismos psicológicos que median la relación entre los factores socioeconómicos del vecindario y la salud cognitiva en adultos mayores negros y blancos.
  • Investigar las diferencias raciales en la asociación entre las características del vecindario y la función cognitiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N=591) vinculados con información del censo del National Neighborhood Data Archive.
  • Se evaluó la cognición global utilizando una puntuación z compuesta de cinco dominios neuropsicológicos.
  • Se emplearon modelos de mediación simultánea para analizar los roles del control externo percibido y los síntomas depresivos.

Principales resultados:

  • El control externo percibido, no los síntomas depresivos, medió la asociación negativa entre la desventaja del vecindario y la cognición.
  • El vínculo entre la desventaja del vecindario y la cognición fue más fuerte entre los participantes negros, independientemente de los mediadores psicológicos.
  • La afluencia del vecindario mostró asociaciones más fuertes con los mediadores psicológicos entre los participantes blancos.

Conclusiones:

  • El estrés psicosocial representa una vía potencial desde la desventaja del vecindario hasta el riesgo de demencia.
  • Se necesita más investigación para identificar vías modificables, especialmente para los adultos mayores negros que enfrentan una mayor desventaja en el vecindario.
  • Investigar por qué la afluencia del vecindario beneficia más a los adultos mayores blancos que a los negros puede revelar impactos de la discriminación y el acceso desigual a los recursos.