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Salud Pública

Sima T Toopchiani1, Miia Kivipelto1,2, Lefkos T Middleton3

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los eventos hormonales y reproductivos impactan significativamente el envejecimiento cognitivo de las mujeres, con factores como el embarazo y la menopausia vinculados a declives más pronunciados en la memoria y la fluidez. Por el contrario, el parto tardío y el uso de anticonceptivos orales mostraron asociaciones protectoras durante 25 años.

Palabras clave:
envejecimiento cognitivosalud de la mujereventos reproductivosmenopausiaanticonceptivos orales

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Endocrinología Reproductiva; Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las diferencias de sexo en la prevalencia de demencia y el declive cognitivo están establecidas, pero los factores de riesgo específicos del sexo siguen sin estar claros.; Investigar el papel de los eventos hormonales y reproductivos en el rendimiento cognitivo de las mujeres es crucial para comprender el envejecimiento cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las asociaciones longitudinales entre eventos hormonales/reproductivos y el rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres.; Identificar factores reproductivos específicos que influyen en la memoria y la fluidez durante un período de 25 años.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de datos de 1.398 empleadas públicas (de 45 a 68 años) del estudio Whitehall II.; Evaluación longitudinal del rendimiento cognitivo (memoria, fluidez fonémica) durante 25 años (1997-2015).; Modelos de efectos mixtos ajustados por factores demográficos, socioeconómicos, vasculares, de estilo de vida y de salud.

Principales resultados:

  • Se asociaron declives más pronunciados en la fluidez fonémica con el embarazo, mayor paridad, primer parto entre los 30 y 34 años, ciclos menstruales más cortos (≤23 días) y menopausia antes de los 50 años.; Por el contrario, el parto a los 35+ años, el uso de anticonceptivos orales y los ciclos menstruales más largos (35+ días) se relacionaron con un declive cognitivo más lento.; Se observaron declives más pronunciados similares en la memoria para el embarazo, 3+ hijos, primer embarazo entre los 30 y 34 años y menopausia.

Conclusiones:

  • Los eventos hormonales y reproductivos muestran asociaciones potenciales a largo plazo con el envejecimiento cognitivo en mujeres.; Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre los mecanismos subyacentes y las interacciones con otros factores de riesgo.