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Salud Pública

Zaldy S Tan1,2, Nabeel Qureshi1,3, Nancy Sicotte1

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|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un programa de detección en el hospital identificó un 23% más de casos de demencia en pacientes de edad avanzada. La identificación temprana del deterioro cognitivo puede mejorar la atención al paciente y reducir los costos de atención médica.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaDetección de DemenciaDeterioro CognitivoAtención HospitalariaResultados del Paciente

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología; Neurología; Investigación de Servicios de Salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • Más del 40% de los pacientes hospitalizados de edad avanzada tienen la enfermedad de Alzheimer o demencias relacionadas (ADRD), con una subdetección común.
  • Los entornos hospitalarios a menudo no detectan casos de ADRD, lo que afecta la atención y los resultados del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Implementar y evaluar un programa integral para identificar el deterioro cognitivo en pacientes hospitalizados.
  • Evaluar las diferencias en la utilización de la atención médica según el estado de deterioro cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Registros de salud electrónicos (EHR) modificados para señalar a los pacientes con ADRD.
  • Pacientes de 65 años o más evaluados utilizando la pantalla 4AT, seguida de la entrevista de demencia AD8 para las pantallas positivas.
  • Se analizaron las tasas de detección y se utilizaron modelos de regresión para comparar la duración de la estancia, la readmisión y la utilización previa por estado cognitivo.

Principales resultados:

  • El programa de detección identificó un 22,6% más de casos de demencia, señalando a 454 pacientes con entrevistas positivas de demencia.
  • Los pacientes con ADRD o con resultados positivos eran mayores, no blancos, admitidos de servicios médicos y tenían una mayor utilización previa de la atención médica.
  • El deterioro cognitivo no diagnosticado se correlacionó con estancias hospitalarias más largas y más hospitalizaciones previas; la ADRD diagnosticada se relacionó con mayores reingresos a los 90 días.

Conclusiones:

  • Un programa de detección sistemático aumentó significativamente la identificación de demencia probable en adultos mayores hospitalizados.
  • La identificación temprana y sistemática del deterioro cognitivo puede mejorar los resultados de los pacientes, optimizar el uso de los recursos de atención médica y reducir los gastos de atención.