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Salud Pública

Mingzhi Yu1, Yuling Jiang2, Longbing Ren3

  • 1School of Public Health, China Centers for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China.

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|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores aumenta significativamente el riesgo de caídas y la dependencia física posterior. Las intervenciones tempranas son cruciales para prevenir caídas y mitigar la dependencia en esta población.

Palabras clave:
envejecimientosalud públicadeterioro cognitivocaídasdependencia físicaadultos mayoresintervenciones

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Neurología
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • La relación entre el deterioro cognitivo y el riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores requiere una mayor clarificación.
  • Las caídas y la dependencia física plantean desafíos significativos para el envejecimiento saludable.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre el deterioro cognitivo y el riesgo de caídas, caídas recurrentes y dependencia física en adultos mayores.
  • Analizar datos de la Encuesta Longitudinal China sobre Longevidad Saludable (CLHLS) para comprender estos riesgos.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio longitudinal utilizando datos de las olas 8 y 9 (2018-2021) de la CLHLS.
  • El análisis incluyó a 8.665 adultos mayores de 65 años, categorizados según las puntuaciones del Mini-Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE).
  • La regresión logística multivariante examinó las asociaciones entre el estado cognitivo y los riesgos de caídas/dependencia.

Principales resultados:

  • El deterioro cognitivo, particularmente el deterioro cognitivo severo (DCS), se asoció con un riesgo significativamente mayor de caídas (OR para DCS frente a cognitivamente sanos: 1.37).
  • El deterioro cognitivo aumentó el riesgo de caídas recurrentes (OR para DCS: 1.64) y caídas recurrentes severas (OR para DCS: 2.94).
  • El deterioro cognitivo severo predijo fuertemente un mayor riesgo de dependencia física relacionada con caídas (OR para DCS: 8.26).

Conclusiones:

  • El deterioro cognitivo es un factor de riesgo significativo para caídas y dependencia física posterior en adultos mayores.
  • Estos resultados impactan negativamente la calidad de vida y aumentan la carga del cuidador.
  • Existe una necesidad urgente de intervenciones específicas para prevenir caídas y manejar la dependencia en esta población.