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Salud Pública

Elizabeth Muñoz1, Lourdes S Romañach Álvarez1, Jean Choi1

  • 1University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La desventaja del vecindario en la primera infancia y la mediana edad afecta la función cognitiva, particularmente la velocidad de procesamiento y las habilidades espaciales. Tanto el entorno del vecindario en la primera infancia como el actual son cruciales para comprender las trayectorias de la salud cognitiva.

Palabras clave:
desventaja del vecindariofunción cognitivavelocidad de procesamientohabilidades espacialestrayectorias cognitivassalud cognitivaestudios longitudinalesíndice de privación del área

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud ambiental
  • Neurociencia cognitiva
  • Psicología del ciclo vital

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los contextos ambientales del curso de la vida influyen significativamente en la función cognitiva.
  • La desventaja del vecindario durante la primera infancia y la mediana edad puede perjudicar las habilidades cognitivas.
  • Los cambios cognitivos sutiles en la mediana edad pueden indicar déficits neurocognitivos tempranos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las asociaciones independientes y conjuntas entre la desventaja del vecindario en la primera infancia y la actual con habilidades cognitivas específicas de la mediana edad.
  • Investigar cómo la privación del vecindario afecta la función cognitiva a lo largo de la vida.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 1.141 participantes de CATSLife con datos de dirección desde la infancia y la primera mediana edad.
  • Se geocodificaron las direcciones y se vincularon con datos del Censo para calcular el Índice de Privación del Área (ADI) para los períodos de la primera infancia y la actualidad.
  • Se emplearon Ecuaciones de Estimación Generalizadas para evaluar los efectos del ADI en las habilidades cognitivas (verbal, memoria, espacial, velocidad de procesamiento), controlando las covariables.

Principales resultados:

  • La desventaja en el vecindario durante la primera infancia y la actual se vincularon de forma independiente con una menor velocidad de procesamiento.
  • La desventaja en el vecindario actual se asoció con una menor función espacial, independientemente de las condiciones de la primera infancia.
  • No se encontraron asociaciones significativas para la memoria o las habilidades verbales, ni interacciones significativas entre la desventaja temprana y la actual del vecindario.

Conclusiones:

  • Tanto la privación del vecindario en la primera infancia como la actual se asocian de forma independiente con una reducción de la velocidad de procesamiento.
  • La privación del vecindario actual predice de forma única una función espacial más pobre, lo que resalta la importancia de las exposiciones ambientales continuas.
  • Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de considerar los efectos acumulativos y concurrentes del vecindario en las trayectorias cognitivas.