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Salud Pública

Lauren P MacConnachie1, Jillian S Baker1, Michelle M Hood1

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

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|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los estudios longitudinales pueden subestimar el vínculo entre el rendimiento físico y el rendimiento cognitivo debido al abandono de los participantes. El ajuste por esta pérdida de seguimiento revela una asociación más fuerte, particularmente en grupos desfavorecidos.

Palabras clave:
velocidad de la marchacogniciónmujeres mayoresestudios longitudinalessesgo de selecciónsalud pública

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología; Neurociencia; Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los estudios longitudinales muestran que el funcionamiento físico se correlaciona con el rendimiento cognitivo.
  • La pérdida diferencial de seguimiento (debido a mala salud, muerte o comorbilidades) puede sesgar estas estimaciones.
  • El sesgo de selección afecta la asociación observada entre la función física y cognitiva en adultos mayores.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Estimar el impacto de la pérdida diferencial de seguimiento en la asociación entre el funcionamiento físico y el rendimiento cognitivo.
  • Identificar los impulsores del sesgo de selección en estudios longitudinales de mujeres mayores.
  • Proporcionar una caracterización más precisa de la relación entre la velocidad de la marcha y la cognición.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de la cohorte longitudinal del Estudio de la Mujer a lo Largo de su Vida (SWAN).
  • Se empleó el ponderado por probabilidad inversa para corregir a los participantes perdidos en el seguimiento.
  • Se analizó la velocidad de la marcha y una puntuación z cognitiva global (velocidad de procesamiento, memoria verbal, memoria de trabajo).
  • Se realizaron análisis estratificados por tensión financiera y nivel educativo.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo ponderado mostró una asociación un 17% mayor entre la velocidad de la marcha y el rendimiento cognitivo en comparación con el modelo no ponderado.
  • La asociación fue más fuerte entre las mujeres que informaron tensión financiera (13,9% más en el modelo ponderado).
  • Los resultados fueron consistentes en la estratificación por nivel educativo, lo que indica sesgo en todos los factores socioeconómicos.

Conclusiones:

  • La pérdida de seguimiento subestima significativamente la asociación entre la velocidad de la marcha y el rendimiento cognitivo en mujeres mayores.
  • El vínculo físico-cognitivo es más fuerte en los grupos más desfavorecidos, que también son más propensos al abandono.
  • Es crucial tener en cuenta la pérdida diferencial de seguimiento para obtener resultados de investigación precisos.