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Salud Pública

Lindsay Shea1, Giacomo L Vivanti1, Wei-Lin L Lee1

  • 1Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los individuos autistas muestran menos casos de Alzheimer y más demencia senil en comparación con otros grupos. Esto resalta el posible infradiagnóstico en adultos autistas no blancos, requiriendo estrategias de atención a la demencia adaptadas.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno del Espectro AutistaDemenciaEnfermedad de AlzheimerDemencia SenilSalud PúblicaAtención a la Demencia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Geriatría
  • Investigación del Trastorno del Espectro Autista

Sus antecedentes:

  • La investigación sobre el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) está limitada por tamaños de muestra pequeños al examinar subtipos de demencia.
  • Los datos a gran escala de Medicaid y Medicare ofrecen oportunidades para estudiar la demencia en poblaciones con TEA.
  • Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar subtipos de demencia en personas con TEA en comparación con otros grupos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Comparar subtipos de demencia en personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) frente a otras poblaciones.
  • Aprovechar los datos nacionales de salud para comprender la prevalencia y los tipos de demencia en el TEA.
  • Informar mejoras a nivel de sistema para personas con TEA y demencia concurrente.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos nacionales de Medicare y Medicaid vinculados individualmente (2014-2016).
  • Se incluyeron personas de 30 años o más con demencia en los siguientes grupos: TEA (con/sin discapacidad intelectual (DI)), solo DI, Síndrome de Down (SD) y una muestra aleatoria (RS).
  • Se aplicó el algoritmo de Bynum para clasificar los subtipos de demencia según el último diagnóstico observado.

Principales resultados:

  • La demencia no especificada fue el subtipo más común en todos los grupos.
  • El grupo con TEA tuvo la menor proporción de enfermedad de Alzheimer (11,7%) en comparación con DI (14,2%), SD (32,2%) y RS (22%).
  • La demencia senil fue desproporcionadamente mayor en el grupo con TEA (11,5%) que en DI (1,5%), SD (0%) y RS (0,1%).
  • Las mujeres autistas y los adultos no blancos mostraron proporciones más bajas de casos de demencia en comparación con el grupo RS.

Conclusiones:

  • El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se asocia con una menor prevalencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y una mayor prevalencia de demencia senil.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren un posible diagnóstico erróneo o infradiagnóstico de demencia en adultos no blancos con TEA.
  • El estudio subraya la necesidad de estrategias de atención a la demencia específicas para el TEA, dados los crecientes casos de demencia.