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Salud Pública

Wendy Wy Huang1, Shirley Fan2, Wei-Ya Li3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Munster, Ireland.

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|December 23, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El trastorno neurocognitivo posoperatorio (TNCP) afecta al 23 % de los adultos mayores después de una cirugía no cardíaca a los 7 días, disminuyendo con el tiempo. La cirugía abdominal presenta un mayor riesgo de TNCP que la cirugía ortopédica, lo que requiere una mejor atención perioperatoria.

Palabras clave:
adultos mayorescirugía no cardíacatrastorno neurocognitivo posoperatorioprevalenciacirugía abdominalcirugía ortopédicaatención perioperatoria

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina Geriátrica; Neurociencia; Resultados Quirúrgicos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los pacientes quirúrgicos mayores enfrentan un mayor riesgo de trastorno neurocognitivo debido a la multimorbilidad y el envejecimiento.; La prevalencia del trastorno neurocognitivo posoperatorio (TNCP) en esta demografía requiere una mayor investigación.; Este estudio se centra en adultos mayores sometidos a cirugía no cardíaca.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Estimar la prevalencia agrupada del trastorno neurocognitivo perioperatorio (TNCP) en adultos mayores sometidos a cirugía no cardíaca.; Analizar las tendencias temporales del TNCP después de la cirugía.; Comparar la prevalencia de TNCP entre diferentes tipos de cirugía.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios publicados hasta el 24 de enero de 2024.; Inclusión de pacientes hospitalizados de cirugía no cardíaca de 60 años o más con evaluaciones cognitivas perioperatorias.; Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para el cálculo de la prevalencia agrupada; Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa y directrices MOOSE para la evaluación de la calidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Se analizaron treinta y nueve estudios (12 921 pacientes); edad media 70,0 ± 8,9 años, 44,3 % mujeres.; Prevalencia general de TNCP: 23 % (día 7), 16 % (1 mes), 10 % (3 meses), 3 % (1 año).; La cirugía abdominal mostró una mayor prevalencia de TNCP que la cirugía ortopédica a los 7 días y a los 3 meses.

Conclusiones:

  • El TNCP es prevalente en pacientes mayores de cirugía no cardíaca, con tasas significativas a los 7 días y 1 mes después de la cirugía.; La cirugía abdominal se asocia con un mayor riesgo de TNCP en comparación con la cirugía ortopédica.; La detección cognitiva, la mitigación de riesgos y las intervenciones son cruciales para mejorar la atención y los resultados perioperatorios.