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Salud Pública

Eric E Brown1,2, Melissa Lombard3, Alisha Chan3

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Resumen

Los adultos mayores expuestos a niveles históricos más altos de plomo atmosférico (HALL) mostraron un aumento de ~20% en las probabilidades de tener problemas de memoria. Esto resalta los impactos cognitivos a largo plazo de la exposición temprana al plomo por contaminación.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaContaminación por plomoProblemas de memoriaEnvejecimientoExposición ambiental

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Ambiental; Neurociencia; Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La exposición al plomo afecta negativamente la cognición y aumenta los factores de riesgo de demencia, como la hipertensión.
  • La combustión de gasolina con plomo fue una fuente histórica importante de contaminación atmosférica por plomo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre los niveles históricos de plomo atmosférico (HALL) y los problemas de memoria autoinformados en adultos mayores.
  • Evaluar las consecuencias cognitivas a largo plazo de la exposición temprana a la contaminación por plomo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se mapearon los niveles históricos de plomo atmosférico (HALL) en los Estados Unidos continentales (1960-1974).
  • Se analizaron datos a nivel individual sobre problemas de memoria de la American Community Survey (ACS) para adultos mayores de 65 años.
  • Se calcularon las odds ratios de problemas de memoria en función de los HALL a nivel de PUMA, controlando los factores demográficos.

Principales resultados:

  • Niveles más altos de HALL se asociaron con un aumento significativo de las probabilidades de deterioro de la memoria autoinformado en dos muestras independientes de la ACS (2012-2017 y 2018-2021).
  • Las odds ratios para los problemas de memoria oscilaron entre 1.17 y 1.22 en diferentes niveles de exposición histórica al plomo.

Conclusiones:

  • Vivir en áreas con niveles históricos de plomo atmosférico superiores a 0,4 µg/m³ se correlacionó con aproximadamente un 20% más de probabilidades de tener problemas de memoria en adultos mayores.
  • Estos hallazgos respaldan el vínculo entre la exposición temprana al plomo y los resultados duraderos en la salud cognitiva.
  • La disminución de la exposición al plomo puede contribuir a la disminución observada en la incidencia de demencia en los EE. UU.