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Salud Pública

Rongxiang Tang1, Jeremy A Elman2,3, Jack F V Hunt2

  • 1Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La reserva cognitiva en la edad adulta temprana puede proteger contra los efectos negativos de la desventaja del vecindario en la función cognitiva en la vida posterior. Una mayor reserva cognitiva mejora la resiliencia, particularmente para las funciones ejecutivas, lo que sugiere que las intervenciones en la vida temprana pueden ser beneficiosas.

Palabras clave:
reserva cognitivadesventaja del vecindariofunción ejecutivaenvejecimientosalud pública

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Salud Pública
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La desventaja del vecindario se relaciona con el deterioro cognitivo y un mayor riesgo de Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL) y Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), independientemente del estado socioeconómico (ESE) individual.
  • Estudios previos sobre la desventaja del vecindario y la cognición han sido limitados por el alcance geográfico y la falta de datos representativos sobre la desventaja del vecindario.
  • El papel moderador de la reserva cognitiva en la asociación entre la desventaja del vecindario y la función cognitiva en adultos mayores sigue sin explorarse en gran medida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre la desventaja socioeconómica a nivel de vecindario y la función cognitiva en una muestra nacional de adultos mayores.
  • Examinar si la reserva cognitiva en la edad adulta modera la relación entre la desventaja del vecindario y el rendimiento cognitivo.
  • Comparar el efecto moderador de la reserva cognitiva con los años de educación.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 1149 hombres comunitarios sin demencia en los EE. UU. (edad media 67.56).
  • Se cuantificó la desventaja del vecindario utilizando el Índice de Privación del Área (ADI) y se evaluaron cinco dominios cognitivos.
  • Se controló la capacidad cognitiva general (GCA) individual en la edad adulta y el ESE del hogar, y se examinaron la GCA y la educación como moderadores.

Principales resultados:

  • Una mayor desventaja en el vecindario se asoció con una peor función ejecutiva y velocidad de procesamiento.
  • El impacto negativo de la desventaja del vecindario en la función ejecutiva se atenuó con una mayor reserva cognitiva en la edad adulta (GCA).
  • Los años de educación no demostraron un efecto moderador similar.

Conclusiones:

  • Una mayor reserva cognitiva en la edad adulta proporciona una resiliencia cognitiva significativa contra la desventaja socioeconómica del vecindario en la edad adulta mayor.
  • La reserva cognitiva, no los años de educación, amortiguó los efectos negativos de la desventaja socioeconómica del vecindario en la función ejecutiva.
  • Mejorar el desarrollo cognitivo en la vida temprana puede ser una estrategia para mitigar los riesgos ambientales para la salud cognitiva y reducir la vulnerabilidad al DCL y la EA.