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Salud Pública

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El establecimiento de objetivos por sí solo no mejoró los comportamientos de reducción del riesgo de demencia en personas con deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, los objetivos dietéticos de alta calidad se relacionaron con una mejor adherencia a la dieta MIND.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Ciencia Conductual
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los factores de estilo de vida modificables son cruciales para reducir el riesgo de demencia.
  • Las intervenciones digitales incorporan cada vez más técnicas de cambio de comportamiento (TCC).
  • El establecimiento de objetivos es una TCC clave para la reducción del riesgo de demencia (RR).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar si la participación en el establecimiento de objetivos en una intervención digital predice los comportamientos de RR en personas con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCD) o deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI).
  • Evaluar la asociación entre la calidad del establecimiento de objetivos y el cambio en el comportamiento de RR.
  • Comparar la efectividad del establecimiento de objetivos autodirigido frente al dirigido por un profesional.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 135 participantes con SCD/MCI del ensayo MyCOACH.
  • Evaluación de la calidad de los objetivos SMART autodirigidos y la participación en el establecimiento de objetivos dirigido por un profesional.
  • Análisis de regresión jerárquica que predice el cambio en el comportamiento de RR a partir del establecimiento de objetivos, los determinantes psicológicos y el riesgo basal.

Principales resultados:

  • La participación en el establecimiento de objetivos por sí sola no predijo de manera significativa el cambio general en el comportamiento de reducción del riesgo (RR).; El mayor riesgo de demencia basal fue el único predictor significativo de las mejoras en la RR.; Los objetivos SMART autodirigidos de mayor calidad se correlacionaron con una mejor adherencia a la dieta MIND, pero no con la actividad física.

Conclusiones:

  • El establecimiento de objetivos por sí solo es insuficiente para un cambio significativo en el comportamiento general de RR.
  • Los objetivos dietéticos de alta calidad pueden mejorar la adherencia a la dieta MIND.
  • La investigación futura debe explorar combinaciones y refinamientos de las TCC para diversos comportamientos de RR.