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Salud Pública

Victoria Mery1,2, Chloe Walsh1,3,4, Antigone Fogel1,2

  • 1Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El deterioro de la visión (DV) está relacionado con el riesgo de demencia. El diagnóstico y manejo tempranos de afecciones de DV como alteraciones visuales y trastornos del cristalino pueden ayudar a prevenir la demencia.

Palabras clave:
pérdida de visiónriesgo de demenciadeterioro cognitivo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Oftalmología
  • Neurología
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La pérdida de visión (VI) no tratada es un factor de riesgo modificable para la demencia en la vejez.
  • La relación entre la VI y el deterioro cognitivo en las poblaciones que envejecen requiere una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Analizar la asociación entre las comorbilidades de la visión y la demencia en cohortes grandes.
  • Comprender la prevalencia, los patrones y la gravedad de la VI en personas con demencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Un análisis de casos y controles de dos cohortes de demencia (UK Biobank y All of Us) utilizando registros de salud electrónicos.
  • Se utilizaron códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades-10 (CIE-10) para identificar las afecciones de VI.
  • Las pruebas de Mann Whitney-U compararon la prevalencia de VI entre pacientes con demencia y controles, analizando los recuentos de bloques de diagnóstico y la edad del primer diagnóstico de VI.

Principales resultados:

  • Las alteraciones visuales y la ceguera fueron más prevalentes en el grupo de demencia (UKB, AoUS).
  • Los diagnósticos más tempranos de VI en 'músculos, movimiento, acomodación y refracción' y 'trastornos del cristalino' se asociaron con la demencia.
  • El tiempo entre el primer diagnóstico de VI y el inicio de la demencia fue más corto para la enfermedad de Alzheimer que para la demencia vascular.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe una asociación significativa entre diagnósticos específicos de VI y demencia.
  • Se apoya el manejo temprano de las afecciones de VI como una estrategia potencial de prevención de la demencia.