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Salud Pública

Jennifer J Manly1,2, Benjamin D Huber2, Miguel Arce Rentería2

  • 1Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El historial familiar de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) se asocia con el deterioro cognitivo de los hijos. Los factores socioeconómicos, no la genética o los biomarcadores, explican significativamente esta asociación, destacando posibles puntos de intervención.

Palabras clave:
envejecimiento cognitivodeterioro cognitivo leveenfermedad de Alzheimerfactores socioeconómicossalud públicadisparidades cognitivas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Investigar el vínculo entre la cognición de mediana edad y el historial familiar de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en poblaciones diversas (negras, blancas, latinas) es crucial para comprender las disparidades en el envejecimiento cognitivo.
  • Medir directamente el estado cognitivo de los padres es esencial para mitigar el sesgo por el infradiagnóstico de la EA y las demencias relacionadas (EA/DR) en grupos minorizados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar el impacto del historial familiar de EA/DCL en la función cognitiva de los hijos en la mediana edad.
  • Determinar si los factores genéticos, biomarcadores, cardiovasculares o socioeconómicos median la relación entre el deterioro cognitivo de los padres y la cognición de los hijos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Washington Heights Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) que incluyen 1124 padres y 1799 hijos.
  • Se evaluaron los diagnósticos de los padres (cognición normal, EA, DCL) y los dominios cognitivos de los hijos (función ejecutiva, lenguaje, velocidad/atención, memoria) mediante pruebas neuropsicológicas.
  • Se emplearon análisis de regresión para examinar las asociaciones, controlando las covariables y explorando la mediación por características de los padres/hijos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los hijos de padres con EA/DCL mostraron un peor rendimiento en velocidad/atención, lenguaje y memoria.
  • La educación y los ingresos de los padres atenuaron significativamente el efecto del historial de EA/DCL de los padres en la cognición de los hijos en aproximadamente un 50%.
  • Los factores genéticos, biomarcadores y cardiovasculares en los padres o los hijos no explicaron la asociación observada.

Conclusiones:

  • La posición socioeconómica de los padres es un factor clave que influye en la asociación entre el historial de EA/DCL de los padres y la función cognitiva de los hijos.
  • Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de los determinantes socioeconómicos en el envejecimiento cognitivo y el riesgo de demencia en poblaciones diversas.