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Salud Pública

Clémence Cavaillès1, Katie L Stone2, Yue Leng1

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Long sleep duration and wake after sleep onset (WASO) are linked to cognitive decline, particularly in executive function and attention. These findings highlight the importance of assessing specific cognitive domains in sleep research.

Palabras clave:
Salud PúblicaSueñoFunción EjecutivaDeterioro CognitivoRitmo CircadianoAdultos MayoresActigrafíaTrastornos del Sueño

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Ciencia del Sueño
  • Neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

  • La mala calidad del sueño y las alteraciones del ritmo circadiano se asocian con el deterioro cognitivo y el riesgo de demencia.
  • Existe una investigación limitada sobre las medidas objetivas del sueño, los ritmos de actividad-reposo (RAR) y los dominios cognitivos específicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las asociaciones entre las métricas objetivas del sueño, los parámetros RAR y la función cognitiva en adultos mayores.
  • Examinar cómo las variables del sueño y del ritmo circadiano se relacionan con la función ejecutiva, la atención, la memoria y el lenguaje.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de actigrafía de muñeca de 7 días de 856 participantes (≥50 años) del Dormir Study.
  • Se derivaron métricas objetivas del sueño (duración, eficiencia, WASO, SFI) y parámetros RAR (amplitud, mesor, acrofase, pseudo-F).
  • Se evaluaron dominios cognitivos (función ejecutiva, atención, memoria, lenguaje) utilizando puntuaciones z compuestas y modelos de regresión lineal ajustados por covariables.

Principales resultados:

  • La duración prolongada del sueño (>8 horas) se correlacionó con una peor función ejecutiva y atención.
  • La vigilia prolongada después del inicio del sueño (WASO; >62,3 minutos) se asoció con déficits en la función ejecutiva, la atención y la memoria.
  • Los participantes con deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) o demencia exhibieron una menor eficiencia del sueño, mayor WASO, mayor SFI y parámetros RAR alterados en comparación con los individuos cognitivamente normales.

Conclusiones:

  • La duración prolongada del sueño y el aumento de WASO son predictores significativos de déficits cognitivos en la función ejecutiva y la atención.
  • Los hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de evaluaciones cognitivas específicas de dominio en la investigación del sueño y la cognición.
  • Las medidas objetivas del sueño y del ritmo circadiano ofrecen información valiosa sobre la salud cognitiva en el envejecimiento.