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Salud Pública

Muhammad Safiullah1, Muhammad Imaz Bhatti1, Muhammad Atif Bashir1

  • 1King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 23, 2025
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Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La carga mundial de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias está aumentando, particularmente en las naciones de altos ingresos, impulsada por factores como la glucosa alta y el IMC. Las mujeres muestran consistentemente tasas más altas, lo que subraya la necesidad de estrategias de prevención específicas.

Palabras clave:
Alzheimerdemenciacarga mundialfactores de riesgoprevenciónsalud públicatasas femeninaspaíses de altos ingresosglucosaIMC

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Salud Pública
  • Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia representan importantes desafíos para la salud mundial con una prevalencia creciente.
  • El impacto socioeconómico de estas afecciones es sustancial y está creciendo en todo el mundo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Analizar la carga mundial de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias (ADOD) de 1990 a 2021.
  • Examinar las tendencias en mortalidad, incidencia y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD).
  • Evaluar las variaciones regionales e identificar los factores de riesgo clave en las diferentes regiones del Índice de Desarrollo Sostenible (IDP).

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Estudio de Carga Mundial de Enfermedades 2021.
  • Se estimaron la incidencia, las tasas de mortalidad y los AVAD para ADOD.
  • Se emplearon cambios porcentuales anuales estimados (APC) y cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (AAPC) para cuantificar las tendencias temporales de 1990 a 2021.

Principales resultados:

  • A nivel mundial, las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por edad para ADOD se mantuvieron relativamente constantes, pero exhibieron fluctuaciones a lo largo del tiempo.
  • Las tasas estandarizadas por edad de AVAD e incidencia fluctuaron, con un aumento notable de la incidencia de 2019 a 2021.
  • Los países con alto nivel de SDI soportan la mayor carga, vinculada a niveles elevados de glucosa plasmática en ayunas y IMC; las mujeres muestran consistentemente tasas más altas en todas las métricas.

Conclusiones:

  • La carga mundial de ADOD está aumentando constantemente, y los países con alto nivel de SDI se ven afectados de manera desproporcionada.
  • Los factores de riesgo modificables, como la elevación de la glucosa plasmática en ayunas y el IMC, son impulsores clave de la carga de la enfermedad.
  • Se necesitan urgentemente estrategias de prevención específicas a nivel mundial, especialmente considerando las tasas consistentemente más altas observadas en las mujeres.