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Evaluación del Riesgo de Violencia en Individuos con Trastornos por Uso de Sustancias
Visnja Banjac Baljak1, Nera Zivlak-Radulovic2, Sreten Vicentic3
1Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banjaluka, 78000 Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Actas espanolas de psiquiatria
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con dependencia del alcohol muestran un mayor riesgo de comportamiento violento en comparación con las dependientes de otras sustancias psicoactivas (SP). La evaluación del riesgo de violencia es crucial tanto para las personas dependientes del alcohol como de las SP para prevenir recaídas y comportamientos violentos repetidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Forense; Psiquiatría de la Adicción; Criminología
Sus antecedentes:
- El abuso de sustancias psicoactivas (SP) se asocia con un aumento del comportamiento agresivo, y el riesgo varía según el tipo de sustancia.; Comprender el riesgo de violencia en personas dependientes del alcohol frente a otras SP es fundamental para intervenciones específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar y comparar el riesgo y el nivel de perpetración de violencia entre personas con dependencia del alcohol y aquellas dependientes de otras SP.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio transversal con 100 participantes con dependencia del alcohol u otras SP.; Se utilizó la herramienta Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20, Version 3 (HCR-20V3) para evaluar el riesgo de violencia.
Principales resultados:
- No hubo una diferencia general significativa en las puntuaciones HCR-20V3 entre los grupos para el riesgo general de violencia.; Las personas con dependencia del alcohol mostraron riesgos estadísticamente más altos de presencia de violencia (p=0.042), ideación violenta (p<0.001) y comportamiento violento (p=0.016).; La relevancia del riesgo de violencia (p=0.009) y la ideación violenta (p<0.001) también fueron más pronunciadas en el grupo con dependencia del alcohol.
Conclusiones:
- La dependencia del alcohol se asocia con un mayor riesgo de violencia en comparación con la dependencia de otras SP.; La evaluación rutinaria del riesgo de violencia es esencial tanto para personas con dependencia del alcohol como de otras SP.; Los servicios de atención médica y ambulatoria deben priorizar la abstinencia y la prevención de recaídas para mitigar comportamientos repetidos relacionados con la violencia.
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