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Ciencia Básica y Patogénesis

Anallely Pantoja1, Sofía Díaz-Miranda1, Humberto Martínez-Orozco1

  • 1UAQ, Querétaro, QA, Mexico.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El ejercicio físico puede mejorar las funciones motoras y de memoria en modelos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Este estudio muestra que un protocolo de ejercicio específico mejora las habilidades cognitivas y motoras, incluso en ratones sanos, lo que sugiere un enfoque prometedor no farmacológico para la EA.

Palabras clave:
ejercicio físicoenfermedad de Alzheimerneuroprotecciónfunción cognitivafunción motoramodelos de ratóntratamiento no farmacológico

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Fisiología del ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo común sin cura, caracterizado por el deterioro cognitivo y el deterioro motor.
  • La histopatología implica la proteína Tau y las placas de beta-amiloide (ßA), lo que conduce a neuroinflamación y neurodegeneración.
  • El ejercicio físico muestra un potencial neuroprotector, pero la falta de protocolos estandarizados dificulta la traslación clínica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar los efectos neuroprotectores de un protocolo específico de ejercicio físico en el modelo de ratón 5xFAD de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Evaluar el impacto del ejercicio en la actividad motora, la memoria espacial y los marcadores neuropatológicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó el modelo de ratón transgénico 5xFAD con mutaciones relacionadas con la síntesis de ßA.
  • Se implementó un protocolo de ejercicio físico: 5 días/semana, 30 minutos/día a 10 m/min para ratones machos a partir de los 3 meses.
  • Se evaluó la actividad motora (prueba de campo abierto), la memoria espacial (prueba de Y-maze) y los marcadores neuropatológicos mediante inmunohistoquímica.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron mejoras significativas en la memoria espacial y las habilidades motoras después de la intervención de ejercicio.
  • Se produjeron mejoras funcionales similares en ratones de control, lo que indica que el ejercicio beneficia incluso en condiciones fisiológicas.
  • Se observaron placas de amiloide difusas reducidas en el hipocampo (región CA1), a pesar de que no hubo cambios en la densidad general de la tinción de ßA.

Conclusiones:

  • El protocolo de ejercicio evaluado muestra promesa como estrategia complementaria no farmacológica para la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • El ejercicio puede mejorar las funciones cognitivas y motoras, ofreciendo beneficios tanto en modelos de enfermedad como en individuos sanos.
  • La investigación adicional sobre protocolos de ejercicio estandarizados podría ayudar a la traslación clínica para el manejo de la EA.