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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Ciencia básica y patogénesis

Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues1,2, Natália Baltazar Nascimento3, Gabriela Joras Baumart4,5

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los niveles altos de colesterol alteran la memoria al afectar la microglía en el cerebro. El tratamiento con minociclina mejoró la memoria y la función cerebral en ratones con colesterol alto, lo que sugiere un objetivo terapéutico potencial para el deterioro cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
colesterol altodeterioro cognitivomicroglíaminociclinaneuroinflamación

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Metabolismo del Colesterol
  • Neuroinflamación

Sus antecedentes:

  • El colesterol alto en sangre es un factor de riesgo de demencia, incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • Los mecanismos que vinculan el colesterol con el deterioro cognitivo implican disfunción de la barrera hematoencefálica y neuroinflamación.
  • El colesterol elevado activa la microglía, lo que afecta la reactividad del sistema nervioso central.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de la reactividad de la microglía en los déficits cognitivos asociados con la hipercolesterolemia esporádica.
  • Determinar los efectos de la minociclina, un modulador de la microglía, sobre la función cognitiva y los marcadores cerebrales en un modelo de hipercolesterolemia.

Principales métodos:

  • Se indujo hipercolesterolemia esporádica en ratones utilizando una dieta alta en colesterol durante ocho semanas.
  • Se trataron ratones con minociclina durante las últimas cuatro semanas de la dieta.
  • Se evaluó el rendimiento cognitivo utilizando tareas de memoria dependientes del hipocampo y se analizó el tejido cerebral en busca de marcadores de microglía y Claudina-5.

Principales resultados:

  • Los ratones hipercolesterolémicos exhibieron un aumento del colesterol plasmático y un rendimiento de memoria deficiente.
  • El tratamiento con minociclina mejoró los déficits de memoria en ratones hipercolesterolémicos.
  • Los déficits de memoria se asociaron con una menor presencia de microglía en el área perivascular del hipocampo, sin verse afectados por la minociclina o el sexo.
  • La minociclina aumentó el contenido inmunológico de Claudina-5 en la corteza prefrontal y el hipocampo sin alterar la densidad o morfología de la microglía.

Conclusiones:

  • La hipercolesterolemia esporádica en ratones provoca déficits de memoria y alteración de la distribución de la microglía en el hipocampo.
  • El tratamiento con minociclina mejoró los déficits de memoria y aumentó los niveles de Claudina-5 en ratones hipercolesterolémicos.
  • Estos hallazgos sugieren el potencial de la minociclina para mitigar el deterioro cognitivo asociado con el colesterol alto, independientemente de los cambios en la densidad de la microglía.