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Abordar la migración de trabajadores de la salud en África
Sunny C Okoroafor1, James Avoka Asamani1, San Boris Bediakon1
1Universal Health Coverage - Life Course Cluster, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Journal of health services research & policy
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
África enfrenta una escasez crítica de trabajadores de la salud, con un déficit proyectado de 6,1 millones para 2030. Abordar la migración y fortalecer las fuerzas de trabajo de la salud son vitales para lograr los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en la atención médica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global
- Desarrollo de la fuerza de trabajo de la salud
- Política de atención médica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las importantes inversiones han mejorado el acceso a la atención médica en África, sin embargo, persisten las escaseces críticas de trabajadores de la salud.
- La región no cumple el objetivo de profesionales de la salud per cápita de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
- Se proyecta un déficit estimado de 6,1 millones de trabajadores de la salud para 2030 sin una intervención urgente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los desafíos y oportunidades en el desarrollo de la fuerza de trabajo de la salud en África.
- Examinar el impacto de la migración de trabajadores de la salud en los sistemas de salud locales.
- Proponer estrategias para gestionar la migración de trabajadores de la salud y fortalecer la fuerza de trabajo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias de la fuerza de trabajo de la salud y los patrones de migración en la región africana.
- Revisión de los sistemas existentes de planificación de la salud y de información sobre la fuerza de trabajo.
- Examen de los factores que influyen en la migración y retención de los trabajadores de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- La migración de trabajadores de la salud, impulsada por la demanda en países de altos ingresos y el envejecimiento de la fuerza laboral, exacerba la escasez.
- Los débiles mecanismos de seguimiento de la migración de trabajadores de la salud dificultan la planificación eficaz.
- Progreso limitado hacia los objetivos de salud de los ODS a pesar de los esfuerzos de desarrollo.
Conclusiones:
- El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud locales requiere abordar los impulsores de la migración de los trabajadores de la salud.
- Se necesitan acuerdos y políticas mutuamente beneficiosos para gestionar la migración internacional de trabajadores de la salud.
- Los análisis integrales del mercado laboral de la salud y las estrategias de retención son esenciales para los países africanos.
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