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Carga de Enfermedades Animales en Nigeria, 2006-2023
Ahmad I Al-Mustapha1,2,3, Veronica Adetunji3, Oluwaseun A Ogundijo3
1Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Transboundary and emerging diseases
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
Nigeria enfrenta una alta carga de enfermedades animales, con un aumento proyectado de la enfermedad de Newcastle (NCD) y la peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR). La vigilancia mejorada y la inversión veterinaria son cruciales para las estrategias de prevención y control.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología Veterinaria; Vigilancia de la Salud Animal; Modelado de Enfermedades
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos fiables son esenciales para la toma de decisiones en salud animal y la preparación ante enfermedades en Nigeria.
- El Sistema Mundial de Información Sanitaria Animal (WAHIS) proporciona informes mundiales sobre enfermedades animales cruciales para el análisis nacional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resumir la carga de enfermedades animales en Nigeria de 2006 a 2023 utilizando datos de WAHIS.
- Pronosticar las estimaciones anuales de brotes para las 10 enfermedades animales reportadas con mayor frecuencia utilizando un modelo de regresión ZINB.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para analizar 3362 informes de WAHIS, detallando 9331 brotes de enfermedades.
- Se empleó un modelo de regresión de binomial negativa inflada con ceros (ZINB) para pronosticar tendencias futuras de enfermedades.
- El análisis incluyó el número de casos, sacrificios, vacunaciones y la distribución espacial de los brotes.
Principales resultados:
- La enfermedad infecciosa de la bolsa (IBD, por sus siglas en inglés), la peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR) y la pleuroneumonía contagiosa bovina (CBPP) fueron las enfermedades no zoonóticas más frecuentes.
- La influenza aviar altamente patógena (HPAI), la enfermedad de Newcastle (NCD) y la fiebre tifoidea aviar fueron las más comunes en aves de corral; la CBPP y la tripanosomiasis en el ganado.
- La región Centro-Norte reportó la mayor carga de enfermedades (20.7%).
- Las proyecciones predicen tendencias crecientes para la NCD, la rabia y la fiebre aftosa (FMD) hasta 2030.
- La peste porcina africana (ASF) y la tripanosomiasis mostraron aumentos más lentos, mientras que se proyectó que la PPR y la IBD aumentaran drásticamente.
Conclusiones:
- Nigeria experimenta una carga significativa de enfermedades animales, potencialmente subestimada.
- Se necesitan urgentemente estrategias mejoradas de prevención y control, incluida la vigilancia sindrómica y la inversión en infraestructura veterinaria.
- Se recomienda un enfoque transdisciplinario de Una Salud para mejorar la vigilancia y el manejo de enfermedades.
Palabras clave:
Nigeriacarga de enfermedades animalesenfermedades epidémicasinfluenza aviar altamente patógenapeste de los pequeños rumiantesenfermedades transfronterizas de los animaleszoonosisMás Videos Relacionados
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