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Avances en la aplicación de interfaces cerebro-computadora basadas en diferentes paradigmas en la esclerosis lateral
Tong Li1, Yuling Gao1, Jiaqi Zhou1
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, College of Health-Preservation and Wellness, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
Las interfaces cerebro-computadora (BCI) ofrecen nuevas formas de comunicación y control para personas con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Esta revisión resume las aplicaciones de BCI, las limitaciones y las perspectivas futuras para la rehabilitación de ELA.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia e Ingeniería
- Tecnología de Asistencia
- Rehabilitación Médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurológica progresiva que causa pérdida de movimiento y comunicación.
- Las interfaces cerebro-computadora (BCI) están evolucionando rápidamente, ofreciendo nuevas formas para que las personas interactúen con el mundo.
- Las BCI proporcionan un método novedoso de comunicación y control para pacientes con ELA, mejorando su calidad de vida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el estado actual de las aplicaciones de Interfaz Cerebro-Computadora (BCI) para la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA).
- Resumir los resultados de la aplicación de BCI, identificar limitaciones y explorar perspectivas futuras en la ELA.
- Proporcionar referencias basadas en evidencia para la traducción de la tecnología BCI en la rehabilitación de la ELA.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos Web of Science y PubMed.
- Adhesión a las directrices PRISMA para la selección de estudios.
- Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para identificar 23 estudios relevantes.
Principales resultados:
- Se resumieron los resultados de la aplicación de varios paradigmas de BCI en el control motor y la comunicación de la ELA.
- Se identificaron las limitaciones y desafíos actuales en la tecnología BCI para la ELA.
- Se destacaron las perspectivas en la fusión multimodal y la calibración adaptativa para mejorar el rendimiento de BCI.
Conclusiones:
- La tecnología BCI muestra una promesa significativa para mejorar la comunicación y el control en pacientes con ELA.
- Se necesitan más avances para superar los obstáculos existentes y mejorar la efectividad de BCI.
- La fusión multimodal y la calibración adaptativa son áreas clave para el desarrollo futuro de BCI en la rehabilitación de ELA.
Palabras clave:
avancesesclerosis lateral amiotróficainterfaces cerebro-computadoraenfermedad neurodegenerativaparadigmasMás Videos Relacionados
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