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Bacterias solubilizadoras y polimerizadoras de fosfato mejoran la disponibilidad de fósforo y el crecimiento del
Meiying Yang1, Xueting Qin1, Chengcai Yue1
1College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Frontiers in microbiology
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
Se descubrió que dos cepas bacterianas, Acinetobacter johnsonii y Pseudomonas glycinae, solubilizan y polimerizan eficazmente el fósforo. Pseudomonas glycinae demostró un rendimiento superior, mejorando significativamente el crecimiento del arroz y la absorción de fósforo, ofreciendo información sobre la agricultura sostenible.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Ciencias del Suelo
- Bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- El fósforo (P) es un nutriente crítico del suelo para el crecimiento de las plantas.
- La transformación microbiana de P es clave para el ciclo de nutrientes.
- La investigación existente a menudo se enfoca en la solubilización o agregación de P, no en ambas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las capacidades de transformación de P de Acinetobacter johnsonii (NHP4a-2) y Pseudomonas glycinae (NHP4b-2).
- Identificar las vías moleculares y los efectos promotores del crecimiento vegetal de estas cepas.
Principales métodos:
- Cribado de cepas bacterianas para la solubilización y polimerización de P.
- Ensayos de actividad enzimática (polifosfato quinasa, extrapoli fosfatasa, glucosa deshidrogenasa).
- Sistema de cultivo alterno de fósforo alto/bajo para monitorear la dinámica de P.
- Análisis transcriptómico para identificar mecanismos moleculares.
- Experimentos de macetas con arroz para evaluar la promoción del crecimiento vegetal.
Principales resultados:
- Pseudomonas glycinae (NHP4b-2) mostró una mayor capacidad de solubilización de P y actividades enzimáticas que Acinetobacter johnsonii (NHP4a-2).
- El análisis transcriptómico reveló vías metabólicas clave (metabolismo del ATP, fosforilación oxidativa, glucólisis) involucradas en la solubilización de P por NHP4b-2.
- NHP4b-2 exhibió una mayor acumulación y liberación de P, mejorando significativamente el crecimiento de las plántulas de arroz y el contenido de P.
Conclusiones:
- Las cepas bacterianas con capacidades duales de solubilización y acumulación de P gestionan eficazmente el P para la absorción de las plantas.
- La regulación de las vías metabólicas es crucial para la transformación eficiente de P por estos microbios.
- Estos hallazgos ofrecen información valiosa para la gestión sostenible del fósforo en la agricultura.
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