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Cuando la personalidad se encuentra con la sorpresa: diferencias individuales en la memoria de eventos inesperados
Alex Kafkas1, Matt Westerman1, Keith Cleto1
1Andrew Mayes Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in psychology
|December 24, 2025
Resumen
Los rasgos de personalidad influyen en la memoria de eventos inesperados. La baja ansiedad y la toma de riesgos mejoran el recuerdo de estímulos inesperados, mientras que rasgos como la baja extraversión y la alta emocionalidad negativa disminuyen este efecto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva
- Neurociencia
- Psicología de la Personalidad
Sus antecedentes:
- La expectativa influye en la codificación de la memoria, y los estímulos inesperados suelen conducir a un mejor recuerdo.
- No se comprende bien el impacto de los rasgos de personalidad individuales en esta relación expectativa-memoria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo los rasgos de personalidad modulan la codificación de la memoria para eventos esperados versus inesperados.
- Determinar si los factores disposicionales dan forma al beneficio de recuerdo de estímulos inesperados.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron dos experimentos que involucraron a participantes que aprendían contingencias de estímulos simbólicos.
- Las contingencias se violaron para algunos estímulos durante la codificación, seguidas de una prueba de memoria de reconocimiento.
- El experimento 1 midió la ansiedad y la toma de riesgos (estado/rasgo); el experimento 2 evaluó los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad.
Principales resultados:
- Los eventos inesperados mejoraron consistentemente el recuerdo en ambos experimentos.
- La magnitud de este beneficio de recuerdo fue modulada por rasgos de personalidad.
- La baja ansiedad y toma de riesgos, y la baja extraversión/alta emocionalidad negativa, se asociaron con una disminución de la ventaja de recuerdo para eventos inesperados.
Conclusiones:
- Los rasgos de personalidad dan forma dinámicamente a la influencia de la expectativa en la formación de la memoria.
- Las diferencias individuales en los factores disposicionales interactúan con procesos cognitivos como la codificación de la memoria.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen información sobre la teoría de la memoria y tienen posibles implicaciones aplicadas.
Palabras clave:
ansiedadcodificaciónmemoria episódicaexpectativapersonalidaderrores de predicciónrecuerdotoma de riesgosMás Videos Relacionados
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