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Evolución de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional impulsada por la estratificación en un microbioma de lago profundo

Jianing Ding^1,2, Chunyan Yu^1,3, Jiawei Gao^1,3

¹Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.

FEMS microbiology ecology

|December 24, 2025

Resumen

Los microbios de lagos profundos muestran adaptaciones distintas a aguas estratificadas. El hipolimnion tiene una mayor riqueza bacteriana, mientras que el epilimnion presume de una mayor flexibilidad metabólica, impulsada por el oxígeno y los nutrientes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Acuática
Limnología
Ecología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Los lagos profundos presentan estratificación térmica, lo que influye en la estructura de la comunidad microbiana.
Los estudios comparativos de los microbiomas epilimnéticos (superficiales) e hipolimnéticos (profundos) son limitados.
La comprensión de estas dinámicas es crucial para el ciclo biogeoquímico en ecosistemas acuáticos estratificados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los cambios inducidos por la estratificación en la composición de la comunidad microbiana y el potencial funcional en un lago monomíctico profundo.
Comparar la diversidad taxonómica y funcional entre las capas de agua epilimnética e hipolimnética.
Identificar los impulsores ambientales clave de la estratificación microbiana.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA para análisis taxonómico.
Microarray funcional (GeoChip 5.0) para evaluar el potencial de genes funcionales.
Análisis de redes ecológicas moleculares para explorar las interacciones de la comunidad.
Análisis estadísticos multivariantes para vincular factores ambientales y comunidades microbianas.

Principales resultados:

Desacoplamiento parcial de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional en las capas de agua.
El hipolimnion mostró una mayor riqueza bacteriana con taxones distintos (Nitrospirae, Parcubacteria, Thaumarchaeota).
El epilimnion mostró una mayor riqueza de genes funcionales y flexibilidad metabólica.
Se identificaron el oxígeno disuelto y la disponibilidad de nutrientes como impulsores clave de la estratificación.

Conclusiones:

Las comunidades microbianas en lagos profundos exhiben adaptaciones distintas a las condiciones estratificadas.
Las comunidades epilimnéticas e hipolimnéticas desempeñan funciones únicas en el ciclo biogeoquímico del lago.
Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre las respuestas microbianas a los cambios del régimen térmico mediados por el clima en lagos profundos.

Palabras clave:

bacterias diversidad genes funcionales lago fuxian estratificación térmica

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