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Sincronía de los sistemas neuromoduladores durante el sueño NREM

Sasa Teng^1,2, Angie N Maldonado Rodriguez^1,2, Ruizhi Wang^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 24, 2025

Resumen

La liberación de neuromoduladores durante el sueño está coordinada, y los sistemas de serotonina y norepinefrina sincronizan sus patrones rítmicos. Esta sincronía es crucial para regular los estados cerebrales y orquestar la arquitectura del sueño.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Ciencia del Sueño
Neuroquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Los sistemas neuromoduladores (norepinefrina, serotonina, acetilcolina) regulan los estados cerebrales.
Visión canónica: monoaminas altas en vigilia, bajas en sueño REM; acetilcolina activa en vigilia y sueño REM.
Hallazgos recientes muestran liberación rítmica de neuromoduladores durante el sueño NREM, impulsando oscilaciones infralentas (ISO).

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la coordinación de la liberación de neuromoduladores durante los ciclos de sueño-vigilia.
Determinar si los patrones de liberación de neuromoduladores están sincronizados durante el sueño NREM.
Examinar el papel de la serotonina y la norepinefrina en la coordinación de la liberación de neuromoduladores.

Principales métodos:

Combinación de fotometría de fibra de 2 sitios con registros de EEG/EMG.
Monitorización de la liberación de norepinefrina (NE), serotonina (5-HT) y acetilcolina en la corteza y el hipocampo.
Uso de inhibición farmacológica y activación optogenética de neuronas NE y 5-HT.

Principales resultados:

Las ISO de NE, 5-HT y acetilcolina están sincronizadas durante el sueño NREM.
La sincronía neuromoduladora aumenta durante los ciclos oscilatorios que preceden a la vigilia.
La inhibición de los sistemas de 5-HT o NE altera la oscilación de otros neuromoduladores.
La activación optogenética de neuronas de 5-HT o NE induce la liberación de otros neuromoduladores.

Conclusiones:

Las liberaciones rítmicas de neuromoduladores están altamente coordinadas en todas las regiones cerebrales.
La sincronía entre los sistemas neuromoduladores es un mecanismo clave para orquestar la arquitectura del sueño.
Esta coordinación influye en los procesos neuronales relacionados con el sueño y la regulación del estado cerebral.

Palabras clave:

Sueño NREM oscilación infralenta neuromodulador norepinefrina serotonina

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