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PP2C-D2 y D5, fosfatasas activadas por dimerización, regulan negativamente la señalización de brasinoesteroides al

Mengzhan Li^1,2, Chunli Liu¹, Shelley R Hepworth³

¹State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 24, 2025

Resumen

Las fosfatasas de proteína tipo 2C del clado D (PP2C-D) regulan el crecimiento de las plantas al desfosforilar el receptor de brasinoesteroides (BR) BRI1. Su actividad está controlada por dimerización, que es interrumpida por la señalización de BR, revelando un nuevo mecanismo regulador.

Área de la Ciencia:

Plant biology
Molecular signaling
Biochemistry

Sus antecedentes:

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are crucial plant hormones regulating growth and development.
The BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) is activated by phosphorylation, but its dephosphorylation remains poorly understood.

Objetivo del estudio:

To investigate the role of D-clade type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C-Ds) in regulating BR signaling.
To elucidate the dephosphorylation mechanisms of the BRI1 receptor.

Principales métodos:

Investigated the interaction between PP2C-Ds and BRI1.
Assessed the phosphatase activity of PP2C-D2 and PP2C-D5.
Analyzed the effect of BR treatment, BRI1 phosphorylation, and SAUR15 binding on PP2C-D dimerization and activity.

Principales resultados:

PP2C-Ds negatively regulate BR signaling by dephosphorylating BRI1's kinase activation loop.
PP2C-D phosphatase activity is activated by homo- or heterodimerization.
BR treatment, BRI1 phosphorylation, or SAUR15 binding disrupts PP2C-D dimerization, leading to inactivation.

Conclusiones:

Identified PP2C-Ds as key negative regulators of BR signaling through BRI1 dephosphorylation.
Revealed a novel phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade controlling BR signaling.
Uncovered that PP2C-D dimerization is a critical regulatory mechanism for their activity in plants.

Palabras clave:

BRI1 PP2C-Ds SAUR15 dimerización fosforilación

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